Starbucks s Corporate Social Responsibility - 797 Words

Starbucks had been rank as one of the World’s most principled companies around the world (Ethisphere, 2013). As the people are holding the corporation to the highest ethical and social responsibility, these are becoming the expectation of their consumers. Having all these responsibilities in mind, Starbucks is striving to enact its own Corporate Social Responsibility, guidelines for bettering stakeholders in its communities (Starbucks, 2013). Today the company not only focusing on the communities they are operating, but trying to make a huge impact globally. By doing so they are working with Non-governmental organization. Starbucks had been focusing on social responsibility since in 2009; one of the areas the company had been focusing is the Fair-Trade coffee selling. (Reis, 2009). Starbucks defines corporate social responsibility as conducting our business in ways that produce social, environmental and economic benefits for the communities in which we operate. In the end, it means being responsible to our stakeholders. Today accountability is part of cooperate norm, as consumers are demanding not just product from the company, but from business ethics, corporate responsibility for the environment. On the other hand, employees are more selective for which company to work for, with strong values, and shareholders too are more inclined to invest in business with outstanding shared reputations. With one wrong move with each of these areas can have a huge impact for theShow MoreRelatedStarbucks s Corporate Social Responsibility1745 Words   |  7 PagesStarbucks is an extremely popular chain coffeehouse that originally began in Seattle, Washington in 1971. Starbucks currently has over 17,000 stores and its mission is to â€Å"inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time† (Starbucks 2017). Starbucks utilizes it mission statement through various CSR strategies. CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsi bility. CSR is a method that businesses can utilize to benefit society. Corporate social responsibility (CSR)Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility1375 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Running head:( STARBUCKS) Starbucks Aneez Mohammed Columbia Southern University Starbucks. 1.Starbucks has worked hard to act ethically and responsibly. Has it done a good job communicating it efforts to consumers? Do consumers believe Starbucks is a responsible company? Why or why not? Starbucks opened up in 1971 in Seattle as the first Italian company in United States to have a coffee house for customers. The idea was to have a setting of Italian elegance, a personal treatRead MoreStarbucks - Csr1476 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks Corporate Citizens of the World There is currently a robust and ongoing debate about whether a companies, especially a publicly traded companies, only goal should be profit. Making money for the shareholders used to be what business was about. Now, more and more people are starting to believe that companies should pay more attention to social and environmental concerns that effect not just the shareholders, but the stakeholders and even society as a whole. The practice ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Starbucks And Wal Mart Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesSustainability has taken the mainstream corporate world by storm since major companies realized that sustainability is directly linked to the viability of their long-term objectives. As sustainability is proven to be a motor of efficiency and innovation, stakeholders, investors, employees, and customers are demanding companies to focus not only on profits but also that those profits should not come at the expense of people or the planet. Wal-Mart and Starbucks have been early adopters of the sustainabilityRead MoreThe Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethic at the Leadership Level of Companies1691 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is corporate social responsibility (CSR)? According to the  ¡Ã‚ ®Wikipedia ¡Ã‚ ¯ ,  ¡Ã‚ °Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a company s obligation to be accountable to all of its stakeholders in all its operations and activities with the aim of achieving sustainable development not only in the economical dimension but also in the social and environmental dimensions. ¡Ã‚ ±(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility retrieved:10/09/07); another definition is that  ¡Ã‚ °CSR is about how companiesRead MoreThe Financial Impact of Corporate Ethics: Positive for Some, Not for All1059 Words   |  4 Pagescontents Executive summary...1 Introduction...1 Changing attitudes towards corporate responsibility...1 Corporate responsibility and ethics...2 Case study: Starbucks...2 Conclusion...3 The financial impact of corporate ethics: Positive for some, not for all Executive summary This paper provides a general overview of changing attitudes towards corporate ethics, along with a specific case study of the Starbucks Corporation. Although corporations remain profit-making institutions, increasinglyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Acme Charity1663 Words   |  7 Pagesfor recent immigrants wishing to enter the job market in the province. AcMe Charity s seasonal events are well attended. For continued success, synergistic relationships need to be fostered. For the upcoming event: Celebrating CSR†, it is important to carefully review The Starbucks Corporation prior to inviting them to this AcMe Charity event. Corporate Social Responsibility can be defined as a company’s social performance and the impacts of the company on its internal and external stakeholdersRead MoreMultinational Companies And Tax Avoidance1318 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction With the development of modern society, multinational companies reach higher profits than before. For instance, Starbucks got 495 million of sales revenue while it only paid 6 million of tax to the government. It turns into the topic of tax avoidance. Actually, there are many multinational companies use the strategy of tax avoidance, and Starbucks is just one of the examples. 1.1 Multinational Companies and Tax Avoidance First of all, the definition of multinational companies andRead More Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagessocially responsible and now stakeholders almost expect a company to have CSR policies. Therefore, in twentieth century, corporate social responsibility (CSR) became an important development in public life (Barnett, ND).Corporate social responsibility is defined as â€Å"the ways in which an organisation exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation and corporate governance† (Johnson, Schools and Whittington, N.D cited in March, 2012). Stakeholders can be defined as â€Å"those individualsRead MoreStarbucks : Social Responsibility And Ethical Practices1538 Words   |  7 Pages Starbucks is a company where social responsibility and ethical practices is one of their major concerns. Their mission statement that has laid out the guiding principles states that their guidelines of keeping people first and profits last will be a part of their culture and they try to live by them every day. These guiding principles and their mission statement has been in order of the company primarily because of the visions of Starbucks chair and founder Howard Schultz. The basic concern of Starbucks

Essay on Speech Exam - 602 Words

Chapter 1 Quiz 1) Which of the following is an example of declamation? Selected Answer: Someone performing the Gettysburg Address 2) Churches services that encourage call-and-response speaker audience interaction is seemingly in violation of which of the differences between public speaking and conversation? Selected Answer: Public Speaking involves more clearly defined roles for the speaker and audience 3) In his speech about volunteering for the American Red Cross, Jacob used a lot of slang words, sat and leaned on the table in front of the class, and was dressed very casually. Which of the following statements best describes this situation? Selected Answer: Jacob ignored the rule that public speaking is more formal†¦show more content†¦Selected Answer: A soldier watching her sons graduation address via Skype 13) One way public speaking and conversation are similar is that both are Selected Answer: audience-centered. 14) During the first day of speeches you had a bad sinus infection and your ears were plugged so you couldnt hear the speakers. You were experiencing Selected Answer: physiological noise 15) If you delivered an already famous address of the British orator Edmund Burke, you would be practicing the art of Selected Answer: declamation. 16) Having the resources, information, and attitudes that lead to action in achieving a desired goal is Selected Answer: empowerment. 17) People in conversation may alternately talk and listen, and dont interrupt one another, but in public speaking the roles of speaker and audience arent as clearly defined. Selected Answer: False 18) The Communication as Interaction model includes the element of feedback. Selected Answer: True 19) The receiver of the message is the individual audience member, whose decoding of the message depends on the other audience members receiving the message and their past experiences. Selected Answer: False 20) Elocution is the use of words and symbols to achieve a goal. Selected Answer: False 21) The audience should be the last thing a speakerShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech On The State Exams1460 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the 15 years of my academic career, academic writing has become a much larger part of the curriculum. The writing assignments have gone from simple, one- line sentences describing a picture to a simple, 3- paragraph persuasive essay on the state exams in high school; all the way to a 25 page comprehensive research essay during my freshman year at East Stroudsburg University. 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A person s vocabulary is the set of wordsRead MoreAchieve a Level Four Performance in an Oral Exam Through the Formal Speech/the Oral Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesAchieve a Level Four Performance in an Oral Exam through the Formal Speech/the Oral Essay Part One Write an Effective Oral Essay/Formal Speech on a Comparative-Study Topic â€Å"The central idea, or thesis, is your essay’s life and spirit.† Sheridan Baker, The Practical Stylist Formal speeches are carefully scripted pieces of writing. A formal speech is essentially an oral essay. The conventions of the oral essay/the formal speech include the following: †¢ Purpose To persuadeRead MoreFree Speech Or Freedom Of Speech Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesof Freedom, basically we are entitled for legal freedom to do whatever we wanted to. However, the freedom of speech has been challenged by many university students and educators recently. 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Merchandising Operation Of Global Sourcing â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Merchandising Operation Of Global Sourcing? Answer: Introduction In the given report the company we have considered is Target Australia. The various factors like size, growth, supply chain etc. of the company will be discussed and accordingly we will provide understanding of the industry in which the company is operational. Through the help of various SWOT and other analysis, the external environment of the company will be judged. We will further provide understanding of the legal environment of the company as well. Nature of the entity Target Australia PTY is an Australian based company. The company is owned by Wesfarmers. The company has been engaged in the business of managing mid-price department stores. It is the largest department chain company in the country. The company is operational through the help of 308 stores spread all across the country. The main purpose of the company is to make fashion available for the entire family as a whole. The company was established in the year 1926 and now the company has been engaged in providing a wide range of multiple products including men and women clothing, toys for kids, latest designs in homewares, including manchester, bed linen, electrical appliances etc. The headquarters of the company was earlier located in North Geelong, Victoria but now the same will be moved to Williams Landing at the end of 2018. The company is listed in the Australian stock exchange. In the year 2016, the revenue of the company was close to $3.5 billion with a total asset band of $1.7 billion. The company was however suffering from operating loss worth $195 million in the year 2016. Target Company tends to function as an environmental friendly company. The management of the company believes in carrying out a sustainable, ethical business across all its stores. The management of the company is making investment in reducing the energy consumption at all its units. This will indirectly help in reducing the carbon foot prints which will be very helpful for the environment. The company has set up an audit programme that will carry out energy audits at stores and plants where the energy consumption is on a higher side and will try to figure out remediable action plans that can help in reducing the same. As result of this approach, the company has developed LED lights, AC's etc. where the consumption of energy is minimal. This will not only help the management to reduce the power cost but at the same time is also environmental friendly. The audit report of the company is required to be repaired in accordance with the provisions provided and Corporation Act 2001. The company is for the required to consider the provisions of international accounting standard provided in the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) as well. The investment activities of the company include investment in property plant and equipment. In the earlier years, there were certain other investments made by the company but since last 2 years there has been no such investment. The financing activity of the company includes loan that has been taken by the company and repayment of long term debt. It also includes cash dividend that has been paid by the company in the year so its shareholders. Understanding the industry Target Australia Limited caters a good percentage departmental supply chain industry; It is the largest department chain company in the country. The company is operational through the help of 308 stores spread all across the country. As per experts, being the company outlet not only in the city area but also in regional areas and it has mid-price departmental store market share of the company is expected to increase the coming future. The major players and competitors for the company includes Coles and Wools worth. All the three companies in total nearly capture 90% of the total departmental supply chain market in Australia. The balance market has been captured by small retail houses. The major success factor behind the growth of the company is because of its departmental outlets in regional areas which has started giving major part of its sales. The departmental outlets of the company are mid priced which is again a big factor behind success. There are certain success factors as well for these departmental stores. Departmental stores in the country have opened at prime locations to cater maximum population. This has helped them to meet out the daily needs as well as the luxurious need of the people at one place. There are certain threat factors that need to be considered by the management of the company. Amazon and other digital selling are hampering the market of these departmental stores. In the current scenario, the young generation paper are buying goods from online sites rather than going physically to these departmental stores. This is a big hindrance towards the growth of these kind of companies. They are the major threat which has been faced by the departmental stores is the degrading Australian currency in the world market. Understanding the legal environment The management of the company is required to abide by the government regulations. From accounting perspective they are required two adhere with the Australian accounting standards. They are for the required to meet out the requirement of international financial reporting standards as well. Further they are required to meet the requirements of Corporation Act 2001. For the purpose of carrying out the wholesale business the management of the company is required to obtain different type of licenses and permits. They are required to meet out requirements of Retail Shop Leases Act 1994. Being in Australia GST is applicable; the company is required to meet the requirement of GST provisions as well. Further, they are required to meet out the requirements of intellectual property rights as well. Understanding external environment factor Political The few of the political factor which created impact over the company working is importance of material sectors to the economy and in the country economy and level or corruption especially in relation to the wholesale sector. Economic The economic factor include the rate of inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, economic cycle and the demand and supply in the economy Social factor The external environment also include Demographic and skill level of the population and the hierarchy and power structure in the society. Also the culture, attitude and leisure interest create the impact over the company working. Technology - The auditor also needs to look towards the development of technology and the way it create impact over the company working. The recent technological development by the competitor will have huge impact over the company. SWOT Analysis Strength: The Company is the largest mid-priced departmental Store in Australia. The business carried out by the company is environmental friendly and sustainable. A company has an effective CSR policy Weakness: The Company has number of management issues. Opportunities: The Company has new market open worldwide. They have new opportunities in insurance and Finance sector. Threats: They have threats from legal regulations. They are facing use competition from competitors. Online sites like Amazon are a big threat to the company. Porter five forces model The porter five forces model is the strategic approach which assists the management in creating understanding of the external environment of the company. Threat of new entrance The new entrant in the market bring innovation and new ways of doing business. Supplier power The bargaining power of the supplier has turned down to be a threat for the profit making of the company. With increasing competition the profits of the company has started being reducing. Threat of substitute Online sites like Amazon has turn out to be a big threat for the management of the company. Rivalry among the competitor The company is a leader in mid priced departmental stores in the country. Is facing stiff competition from the competitors but still the company is able to resist in the market. Bargain power of the Buyer The management needs to work to build the large customer base as the demand of the buyer is continuously changing and create huge impact over the company working. Other external factor The company also needs to examine the change in the other external factor such as interest rate, inflation and currency revaluation and general economic condition. The change in the interest rate will lead to increase in the company cost of working. Also the rise in inflation in the country in which the company operates has huge impact over the demand of the company. So the company needs to exercise check over all these external factor to smoothly conduct the company operation. Understanding the objective, strategy and assessing the business risk The primary objective of Target Limited is to provide satisfactory return to the shareholders. The company is focusing on dealing in an ethical way to build trust with the customer. The management of Target Limited is focusing on being open and honest in reporting feedback and ideas (King, et. al., 2011). The company is delegate all the authority and decision making to various divisions for the purpose of protecting and anything communication. The company is ready to make bold decision in order to attain growth and sustainability and create the environment free from fear and blame. The core attribute of the target Limited is to check that each of the business of the company operates with the high degree of autonomy. The company is focusing on its employee by hiring outstanding people and utilizing their talent to attain success. Also the company is working to create a culture which promotes innovative idea and strategy for creating value of the business (da Silva, 2012). The Target Limited is seeking to create the culture that encourages innovation and creativity for the purpose of increasing value of the company in the market. Also the companies effectively meeting is social responsibility and respects the customer, employees, suppliers and other group by providing safe workplace. The target company is working on stronger financial position to provide comparative cost and assess the capital for creating value opportunity. The company is working over strengthening the existing business through effectively meeting out the need of the customer (Humayun, 2016). Also the company is securing growth opportunities through entrepreneurial initiative and taking the changes in the portfolio through adding the value to the transaction. The company is creating the focus over the long run and is acting sustainably to create the value of the business. Performing analytical procedure to create the understanding of the entity performance The auditor at the time of creating the planning procedure for audit needs to conduct the analytical procedure which provides the understanding of the key changes in the financial statement during the year (Sheikhi, et. al., 2012). The analytical procedure provide complete understanding of the business and identify the area where there may be possibility of miss statement and should be examine in detail. The table below shows the key ratio of the company Computation of ratio of the Target limited Particular 2016 ( Amount $ million) 2015 ( Amount $ million) 2014 ( Amount $ million) Revenue 65,850 62,102 59,893 Market price share 40 39 43 EPS 0.36 2.16 2.39 NPAT 407 2,440 331 Current Assets 9,684 9,093 9,311 Total Assets 41,394 41,160 40,354 Current Liabilities 10,424 9,726 8,229 Total shareholders equity 22,949 24,781 25,987 Non-current liabilities 7,410 5,895 4,875 Receivables 2,463 2,269 1,584 Creditors 6,491 5,761 5,417 COGS 54,372 51,243 49,170 Quick Assets 3124 3596 3975 Quick Ratio 0.299693016 0.369730619 0.483047758 Current Ratio 0.893227168 0.934916718 1.131486207 Net Profit Margin ratio 0.006180714 0.0392902 0.005526522 Average Account Receivable 3597.5 3061 2754.5 Average creditors 9371.5 8469.5 8416.5 Inventories 3,937 4,168 4,335 Creditors turnover ratio 0.420103505 0.492118779 0.515059704 Receivable turnover Ratio 26.73568819 27.36976642 37.81123737 Average stock turnover of the company 1.211101302 1.211911871 1.21808013 Solvency Ratio 0.009832343 0.059280855 0.008202409 Assets turnover ratio 1.590810262 1.508794947 1.484189919 P/E ratio 0.008977556 0.055813953 0.056142824 Current ratio - The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets understand by current liability and helps in ascertaining ability of the firm to discharge its liability in the short run. In the current situation the current ratio of the company as decline to 0.93 in the year 2015 and further to 0.89 in the year 2016 from 1.13 in 2014. This indicates that the company liquidity position is continuously declining thus the auditor needs to examine the reason behind the same during the audit (Titman, et. al., 2011). Quick ratio - Quick ratio is calculated by dividing quick assets by current liabilities to check the ability of the company to discharge its liability in the short run which is generally 3 month. In the current situation the quick ratio of the company is continuously declining from 0.48 in 2014 to 0.36 in 2015 and 0.29 is 2016 which affects the decision of the lender. Price Earnings ratio - The ratio helps in finding the return which the equity shareholder are earning on shares and is calculated by dividing Earning per share with the market price per share. The price earnings ratio of the target limited has declined during the past 2 year to a great extent which create the impact over the decision of the shareholder who have invested money with the company (Almazari, 2012). Assets turnover ratio - The ratio help in measuring the effectiveness with which the management is utilizing assets of the business. The assets turnover ratio of a company has increased over the past 2 years which indicates that the management operating efficiency has improved. The ratio was 1.48 in the year 2014 and has increased to 1.50 in the year 2015 and 1.59 during the year 2016. Solvency ratio - Solvency ratio is used to provide information to creditors and lenders that the companies have enough assets to discharge its liability in the long run. Solvency position of the company has improved over the past year which increases the trust of the creditors with the company (Liang and van Dijk, 2011) Creditor turnover ratio - The creditor turnover ratio the company is continuously declining over the past few years which indicate that efficiency of the company to discharge its creditor has decreased. This will reduce the trust of the creditor with the company thus the audit needs to obtain sufficient evidence to examine the transaction. Net profit margin - The ratio helps in identify the operating efficiency of the company and the power generated by the company after covering all the expenses. The net profit ratio of the company is declined during the year 2015 from 55% to 39% but company during the year 2016 discovered ratio and showed and net profit margin of 61%. Debtor turnover ratio - Ratio helps in finding the ability of the company to generate funds from the debtor and is calculated by dividing revenue with the average receivable. Receivable turnover ratio of the company has declined in spite of increase in company sales. Understand management and governance Esteem requirement of trustworthiness and overall communication in the organizational structure of Target Ltd. While referring to the business structure and venture of Target Ltd. the particular organization has embraced it's working while implanting open correspondence structure within the team members. The moral values and principles are taken into consideration at a higher level not only as a part of internal working but also while dealing with external customers. A high level of commitment is witness to improve the overall capabilities Certain programs are developed by the management of the organization in order to upgrade and enhance the overall capabilities of the team members. Proper training and development programs are being implanted by the management of Target Limited with an overall objective of growth and development within the organization. The arrangement of human assets and building best practices - The overall arrangement and practices that is been followed by the target Limited are generally taken as per the guidelines and benchmark set up by the industry. The methodology of treating the workforce and other administrative bodies in regards to their remuneration payout, leave, medical facilities are in accordance with the general law and framework set up by the government compliances and law of the land. Besides the legal compliance fulfillment, the organization target Limited also focus on motivating employees by way of awards and rewards to enhance the level of their performance. Methodology followed for the distribution of authority and responsibilities The expert within the organization should be allocated with proper authority along with matching the application. The current organization target Limited focuses a lot on the particular issue and distributes the power and obligation as per the range of abilities of organizational experts. Different roles and job models are being set up as a part of management to whom specific duties are being allocated. Organizational structure and working style The current organization target Limited is working in a progressive behavior and has set up its management distributed among the separate level of Administration. All the work which is to be performed is as per the hierarchal structures which in turns works out as bolsters in uplifting the brand value of the organization. For recording the financial statements both manual and computerized frameworks are utilized. The business organization here in case Target Ltd. concentrates on completing consistence of reports with the accountings models. Conclusion In the above case, we have obtained complete information about the company relation with the policies and strategies that has been used by the management of the company. All the information that has been obtained are useful for the stakeholders and shareholders of the company. In the above case we have provided information about the external factors along with the legal regulations that are applicable of the company, this will help in better understanding of the company.Further, we have done various types of analysis including SWOT analysis pestilence PESTAL analysis for better understanding. References Sheikhi, A., Ranjbar, A.M. and Oraee, H., 2012.Financial analysis and optimal size and operation for a multicarrier energy system.Energy and buildings, 48, pp.71-78. Titman, S., Keown, A.J. and Martin, J.D., 2011. Financial accounting: Principles and applications. Almazari, A.A., 2012. Financial performance analysis of the Jordanian Arab bank by using the DuPont system of financial analysis.International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(4), p.86. Liang, X. and van Dijk, M.P., 2011.Economic and financial analysis on rainwater harvesting for agricultural irrigation in the rural areas of Beijing.Resources, conservation and recycling, 55(11), pp.1100-1108. da Silva, M., 2012. A broad business challenge-Sustainable Company of the Year.Ethical Investor, (98), p.14. King, D.L., Case, C.J. and Premo, K.M., 2011. A mission statement analysis comparing the United States and three other English speaking countries.Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 10, p.21. Humayun, S.H., 2016. Merchandising operation of Woolworths Global Sourcing.

Throughout The Novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Bront Effectively Utili

Throughout the novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Bront? effectively utilizes weather and setting as methods of conveying insight to the reader of the personal feeling of the characters. While staying at Thrushcross Grange, Mr. Lockwood made a visit to meet Mr. Heathcliff for a second time, and the horrible snow storm that he encounters is the first piece of evidence that he should have perceived about Heathcliff's personality. The setting of the moors is one that makes them a very special place for Catherine and Heathcliff, and they are thus very symbolic of their friendship and spirts. The weather and setting are very effective tools used throughout the end of the novel as well, for when the weather becomes nice it is not only symbolic of the changing times, and the changing people, but also a new beginning. During his stay at Thrushcross Grange Mr. Lockwood made the perilous journey to Wuthering Heights only a few times. On the occasion of his second visit, the snow began to drive thickly(7) during his walk, and this horrible weather should have been foreshadowing to Lockwood about Heathcliff's, and the other member's of the household's true personalities. Upon arriving he was forced to bang continually upon the door before someone would take the care to let him in out of the cold. The dinner that Lockwood was permitted to have with the ?family' was anything but hospitable. Lockwood was treated not unlike an ignorant and unworthy guest, and hence the visit was in no way enjoyable for him. Upon desiring to leave the destitute home, Lockwood finds the weather too intolerable for him to even consider venturing out on his own, and upon being attacked by one of the dogs, he was pulled into the kitchen(15) and allowed, however ungraciously, to stay the night at Wuthering Heights. Once his wal k home commenced the following day, Lockwood found himself being escorted by Heathcliff himself. The path that is used as a means of connection between the two houses does well to exemplify the feeling contained within each. The path that is nearest to the Heights is long and winding, with many pits, at least, were filled to a level; and entire ranges of mounds, the refuse of the quarries . . . blotted from the chart(28). This description is a disheartening one, and causes the reader to associate this kind of representation with the Heights. Upon reaching the pass between the Heights and the Grange, Heathcliff did not continue to direct Lockwood's travels. He stated that he could make no error there(28), for the path is transformed into one that is straight and easy for Lockwood to follow. These preliminary descriptions of the path between the two houses, and the weather upon first being introduced to the characters, help in conveying the personalities of the characters in a more subtle man ner. The area surrounding both the Heights and the Grange are referred to as the moors, and they are an important setting for many characters throughout the course of the novel. The two characters that the moors are most symbolic of, however, are Heathcliff and Catherine Linton. The two would play on the moors as children, and this area of land was very expressive of their wild personalities, and of their friendship. The moors are thought of by them as a place where they could be free and unrestricted to be themselves. Bront? once again utilizes a setting to represent the personalities of her characters, for here she uses the wildness of the moors to express the wildness of Heathcliff and Catherine. One evening Catherine makes the decision to marry Edgar Linton, and not her true love Heathcliff. Heathcliff hears her declaration and runs off into the moors. Not long after Heathcliff leaves the vicinity of the Grange, a storm came rattling over the Heights in full fury(78), and Catherine re fuses to sleep without her love present in the Heights. Catherine would not be persuaded into tranquility. She kept wandering to and fro, from the gate to the door . . . and at length took up a permanent situation on one side of the wall, near the road, where, . . . great drops [of rain] began to plash around

Qualitative Research Critique Essay Example

Qualitative Research Critique Essay Example Qualitative Research Critique Essay Qualitative Research Critique Essay Introduction Nurses are responsible in providing holistic, quality care to their clients. In order to effectively provide such care Boswell and Cannon (2009, p. 2 7) states that nurses must base their provision of care on the most current, up-to-date health information available and sound nursing knowledge. This is where evidence-based practice (EBP) comes in. Polit and Beck (2010, p. 4) defined EBP as the use of the best clinical evidence in making patient care desicions. This usually comes from research conducted by nurses and other healthcare professionals. Thus it is pertinent that research reports are critically analyzed. A research critique aims to measure the value and significance of a study. These are determined by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the report (Brockopp Tolsma, 2003, p. 400). Recommendations for areas of improvements are also included in a research critique. This paper critically appraises a qualitative research article titled Womens perception of being pregnant and having pregestational diabetes (Lavender, T. , Platt, M. J. , Tsekiri, E. , Casson, I. , Byrom, S. , Baker, L. , et al. , 2010, p. 589-595). Title and Abstract The title of a research report is the first thing that readers look at to have a gross idea about what the study is about (Brockopp Tolsma, 2003, p. 446). It should contain 15 words or less and in qualitative studies, the title would typically include the central phenomenon and group under investigation (Polit Beck, 2010, p. 89). In their research report, the researchers used 9 words for the title to accurately describe their study. From the title, we can tell that the central phenomenon is ‘pregestational diabetes and the population being studied is women. This is consistent throughout the study as the participants include women who have either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, although the title did not specify the pregnancy status of the participants. This may mislead readers into thinking that the study was being done only on pregnant women. The title also did not specify where the study was being conducted. It would be good if it did so that readers can gauge the context of the study. We can also tell from the title that this is a qualitative study using phenomenological approach since the study is exploring women’s perceptions. According to Polit and Beck (2010, p. 9), the abstract is a concise summary of the study written in 100-150 words. This should include the problem, how the study was done, the number of participants and the major findings (Brockopp Tolsma, 2003, p. 67). The researchers used specific headings to organize their summary for the study. It is systematic and enabled readers to find information with ease. Althoug h the abstract is slightly longer than recommended, the researchers addressed the essential components such as problem (pregnancy with pregestational diabetes), methods (focus groups and individual interviews), results and conclusion (Polit Beck, 2010, p. 9). The purpose and context of the study were clearly stated and the information provided was consistent with the contents of the research report. The abstract built on the title by elaborating on the issue of interest thus enticing readers to read further. Literature Review Information from literature provides a foundation and framework for research (Brockopp Tolsma, 2003, p. 139) and in qualitative studies, a conceptual framework is essential as the study have to be linked to other research ideas about the topic (Holloway Wheeler, 2002, p. 31). As stated by Polit and Beck (2010, p. 85), a literature review should supply readers with an impartial, systematic summary and analysis of the current state of evidence on the chosen to pic. The researchers provided a comprehensive and well-organized review of literature in a logical manner. They started by listing the complications of pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes and how risk of complications can be reduced with preconception care. They then pointed out that less than half of the women actually received such care. This prompted them find out why many did not receive the care that they should. The researchers identified gaps in knowledge from the various reviews (Polit Beck, 2010, p. 185). They acknowledge that although there is an abundance of literature documenting outcome data related to management of diabetes in pregnant woman, there are few qualitative studies that explore issues of reproductive health and diabetes from the viewpoint of the woman. They highlighted a Swedish study of womens perspective and pointed out its limitations. These gaps supported the need for further study. There are 33 sources, of which 26 were cited in the review. The researchers used 18 primary sources from reputable medical and nursing journals. This strengthened the quality of the review as primary sources are the most reliable and are expansive and impartial (Polit Beck, 2010, p. 171). The article was accepted in 2009 and out of the 18 primary sources, 15 were over the recommended period of 3 to 5 years (Houser, 2008, p. 139). This was justified when the researchers pointed out the limited studies done on womens experiences and perceptions. There is also 1 source from 1962 but this is exceptional as it as a seminal work (Houser, 2008, p. 39). Study Design This is without a doubt, a qualitative study. It is appropriate because qualitative research is a systematic approach into understanding the experiences of others (Houser, 2008, p. 480) which is in tune with the objectives of this study. The researchers chose to use a Hermenuetic Phenomenological approach to explore the perceptions of women with diabetes and its impact on their reproduct ive health. This is because they want to put emphasis on the centrality of the participants in exploring the meanings of the phenomena (Lavender et al, 2010). Like Phenomenology, Hermeneutic Phenomenology is concerned with lived experiences but is focused in highlighting details within experiences with a goal of creating meaning and achieving a sense of understanding (Laverty, 2003). Methods Sampling The population was adequately described. The researchers informed readers that the population being studied was pregnant and non-pregnant women who attended specialist diabetes clinics in 2 areas in the North West of England. Since the central phenomenon is pregestational diabetes, it is an appropriate setting. The participants were identified from clinic lists. For the pregnant women, information sheets were given during clinic visits and they were given the opportunity to discuss the study. For the non-pregnant women, information sheets were posted and they were given time to consider their participation after which they were contacted to make arrangements for interviews. This informs the readers that the participation in the study was not forced onto the women. They were offered a choice of individual or focus group interviews. A written consent was obtained prior to the interviews. It was also mentioned that the study gained approval from the local research ethics committee. In keeping with the tradition of qualitative research, the researchers used purposive sampling and this was mentioned in the report. This is because they need participants who fulfill a certain criteria. This criterion involves a shared experience and provides the most information about the topic of interest (Houser, 2008, p. 481). In this case, the participants have to be White British and South East Asian women who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The researchers also mentioned that a Black African woman was included in the study by accident. A total of 22 women were recruited. It is not known if saturation was achieved. To explore the diversity of individual experiences, the researchers recruited women from 2 study areas and the women were of different parity, ethnicity and diabetes type (Polit Beck, 2010, p. 323). Data Collection To collect data, semi-structured interviews in the form of individual interviews and focus group interviews were used as it allows the researchers to â€Å"explore the broad areas of interest and encourage respondent-led nquiry† (Lavender et al, 2010). This is a congruous and primarily used form of data collection in qualitative studies (Holloway Wheeler, 2002, p. 80). The individual interviews took place in either the hospital or participants homes. It was not mentioned how many were done in the hospital and how many were done at home. Interviews done at participants’ homes would yi eld better information as they are in a comfortable environment and privacy is ensured. It is also not known how long the interviews lasted. The readers have no way of knowing if the participants had time to put thought into their answers and if the information was useful. There are also 2 focus group sessions which was conducted in the hospital. This is appropriate to the study as it produces thoughts and opinions about a topic relevant to the participants experiences and this is what the researchers are looking for (Holloway Wheeler, 2002, p. 111). All interviews were audio recorded. This reduces the potential of losing any data. There was no mention of who conducted the interviews for the White British women and if the interviewers were trained. It was not said if the researchers conducted the interviews themselves and how many interviewers were there in total. The researchers only mentioned that the South East Asian lay researchers were trained. Readers would assume that only the South East Asian women were interviewed by trained lay researchers and the White British women to be interviewed by the main researchers. This may cause inconsistencies in how the interviews were being approached. However, the South East Asian women probably could identify with the lay researcher and thus are more comfortable in providing information. Data Analysis The data was then transcribed verbatim. This ensures richness of data (Holloway Wheeler, 2010, p. 282). Interviews conducted in Punjabi and Urdu were translated and transcribed by a trained lay researcher and validated by an independent translator who translated the data back to the original language. This ensures that the transcriptions are accurate and validly reflect the totality of the interview experience (Polit Beck, 2010, p. 465). However, the independent translator must be advised on confidentiality relating to the data but this was not mentioned y the researchers (Holloway Wheeler, 2010, p. 282). The data was managed manually and no software was used to aid in organizing the data. The researchers used an interpretive approach guided by the principles of Heidegger and Gadamer. This is compatible with the research tradition being Hermenuetic Phenomenology. There was immersion in data but the readers were not informed how the data was coded and categorized. How ever the researchers came out with 3 main themes so the readers can conclude that the researchers used thematic analysis, which is befitting of a qualitative study. Trustworthiness Trustworthiness was demonstrated through peer debriefings, data triangulation and researcher credibility. Triangulation in data collection was achieved through space triangulation and person triangulation (Polit Beck, 2010, p. 497). Space triangulation was achieved by collecting data from multiple sites, which gives the researchers an opportunity to check for consistency of information. Person triangulation was achieved by collecting data from women of different parity, ethnicity and diabetes type, giving the researchers data from different perspectives. The researchers are professionals in the field of Midwifery and Maternal Health with 2 of them having published papers which were used in the literature review. This shows researcher credibility. Because they are all from the same field of study, they had five diabetes specialists participate in the study to reduce potential bias. Findings Findings such as â€Å"other significant health problems† and â€Å"use of insulin† were presented but the researchers did not demonstrate if these findings are related to the purpose of the study. Table 1 provides the reader with a breakdown of the participants demographic characteristics to give a better picture of the population under study and allow them to determine if the findings can apply to another context. Three major themes emerged from the data. Of the three themes, only the first theme had sub-themes which progressed logically. The themes connected with each other to form an integrated whole and were effectively summarized with excerpts from the interviews included in the report. This gives readers a chance to see the raw data and how it links to the themes. Pseudonyms were used to ensure confidentiality. The findings illustrate the obvious variations of perceptions between the White British and South East Asian women. The researchers recognized that the sample size was limited as the study aimed to explore perceptions related to a number of variables. They also pointed out that although overall themes were consistent between different ethnic groups, some differences were seen due to cultural beliefs and this would require further research. However, they acknowledge that the study has given a useful insight into issues related to pregestational diabetes. Discussion, Application, Implication and Recommendations Majority of the findings were related to women’s experiences of healthcare services in diabetes and maternal health clinics and their perception of the care provided. This was discussed within the context of previous studies in this area. Five references were used in the discussion and two were primary sources. Similarities in findings were highlighted between this study and Berg and Hoklanso’s (2000) study. The researchers also used Verheijen’s et al (2005) study to explain the significance of ethnicity in the outcome of pregnancies in women with pregestational diabetes. As pointed out by the researchers, although this study produced an abundance of useful data on women’s experiences, there were some limitations as this is the first study to explore diabetes and pregnancy within various populations. Issues of transferability was addressed (ethnicity and cultural beliefs) and they suggested further study in those areas. Implications for clinical practice were discussed. Information from the findings is useful to healthcare providers who work in the affected areas. Healthcare providers are made to question their approaches (routine and medicalised) in supporting the needs of diabetic women with regards to their reproductive health through the women’s perspectives. Healthcare providers are encouraged to be more sensitive to these women’s needs so that they can enjoy their pregnancy and not be too focused on diabetes management. The researchers propose for strategies to ensure focus of pregnancy and to incorporate social model of care alongside medical model. They encouraged healthcare providers to re-evaluate their roles. They also propose preconception care to be made accessible and for health providers to recognize socio-cultural differences and engage with significant family members. Conclusion Overall, the paper was well presented and flowed logically. It lacked details such as data saturation. The findings were well described. It has provided great insight into the experiences of women with diabetes and their views on pregnancy. This paper could provide a good foundation for others who want to study the same field. References Brockopp, D. Y. Tolsma, M. T. (2003). Fundamentals of nursing research (3rd ed. ). New York: Jones Bartlett. Boswell, C. , Cannon, S. (2009). Introduction to nursing research; incorporating evidence- based practice (2nd. ed. ). Sudbary, Massachusetts: Jones And Bartlett. Holloway, I. , Wheeler, S. (2002). Qualitative research in nursing (2nd ed. ). Malden, MA : Blackwell Science. Holloway, I. , Wheeler, S. (2010). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare (3rd ed. ). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Houser, J. (2008). Nursing research: reading, using, and creating evidence. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Lavender, T. , Platt, M. J. , Tsekiri, E. , Casson, I. , Byrom, S. , Baker, L. , et al. (2010). Womens perception of being pregnant and having pregestational diabetes. Midwifery, 26, 589-595. Laverty, S. M. (2003). Hermeneutic Phenomenology and Phenomenology: A comparison of historical and methodological considerations. International Journal of Qualitative Methods , 2(3), 21-35. Polit, D. F. , Beck, C. T. (2010). Essentials of nursing research: appraising evidence for nursing practice (7th ed. ). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Biography of Cory Booker, Democratic U.S. Senator

Biography of Cory Booker, Democratic U.S. Senator Cory Booker is an American politician and rising star in the Democratic Party who is considered a likely candidate for president in the 2020 election. He is a former  mayor of Newark, New Jersey, who once considered challenging the most popular governor in the U.S.,  Republican Gov. Chris Christie,  but chose instead to seek election to the U.S. Senate. Booker has taken credit for reviving one of American most notorious failed cities and emerged as one of President Donald Trumps fiercest critics.   Early Years Booker was born to  Carolyn and Cary Booker, both executives at the IBM computer company, on April 27, 1969, in Washington, D.C. He was raised from a young age in Newark, New Jersey, and earned a football scholarship to Stanford University after graduating from Northern Valley Regional High School in Old Tappan, New Jersey, in 1987. He had been a football standout in high school but decided that athletics would be his ticket and not my destination. Booker earned both a bachelors degree political science and masters degree in sociology from Stanford University and an honors degree in history at Oxford University. He was a Rhodes Scholar and completed his law degree at Yale University. Political Career Booker began work  as a staff attorney for the Urban Justice Center, a nonprofit legal-services and advocacy agency in Newark, after earning his law degree. He was stationed in East Harlem at a time when police were aggressively sweeping many of the areas young people into the criminal justice system. Booker was elected to the Newark city council at age 29 and served from 1998 to 2002. In 2006, at age 37, he was first elected Newark mayor and heads the states largest, and perhaps most troubled, city. He was re-elected Newark mayor in 2010. He turned down an offer from President Barack Obama in 2009 to head the newly created White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy. Booker said he was considering a run for governor against Christie, whose  popularity surged  largely due to his handling of Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and  was seeking a second term  in 2013. In June of that year, he announced he would seek the U.S. Senate seat left vacant by the death of U.S. Sen. Frank Lautenberg, who died at age 89. In 2011, Time magazine named Booker one of the 100 most influential people. He was a prominent surrogate for Obama in the  2012 election  against  Republican Mitt Romney  and spoke at  that years Democratic National Convention. Presidential Aspirations Booker has said he will not run for the White House in 2020, but many observers believe he is laying the groundwork to unseat Republican Donald Trump, who was elected to a first term in 2016. They believe Bookers first signal at a 2020 candidacy we his unprecedented testimony against a colleague in the U.S. Senate,  Alabama Sen. Jeff Sessions, who was nominated for attorney general by Trump. Bookers speech in opposition to his colleague was compared to former President Barack Obamas soaring rhetoric. Said Booker of his decision to testify against Sessions: In the choice between standing with Senate norms or standing up for what my conscience tells me is best for our country, I will always choose conscience and country. ... The arc of the moral universe does not just naturally curve toward justice. We must bend it. Obama often referred to the arc of history and often used the quote: The arc of the moral universe is long but it bends toward justice.†Ã‚   Critics saw Bookers decision to testify against Sessions a clear sign of his intention to run for president in 2020. Wrote Republican U.S. Sen. Tom Cotton of Arkansas: â€Å"I’m very disappointed that Sen. Booker has chosen to start his 2020 presidential campaign by testifying against Sen. Sessions. Booker also made high-profile visits to states that are considered vital to presidential candidates including Iowa. Personal Life Booker is single and has no children. Controversies Booker has developed a reputation as Newark mayor for being plainspoken and blunt - characteristics that are somewhat rare in politicians and occasionally land them in hot water. During the 2012 election, Booker caught some flak when he described his partys attacks on Republican Mitt Romneys work at Bain Capital nauseating. The Romney picked up on the comments and used them in the campaign. Legacy Booker is an outspoken advocate for boosting the quality of public education in his city, and has led some particularly successful reforms as Newark mayor. He is also known for shining a light of poverty. In 2012, he embarked on a weeklong campaign to live on food stamps and lived on less than $30 worth of groceries. The constrained food options I have for this one short week highlight for me ... what many hardworking families have to deal with week after week, Booker wrote. Booker said he embarked on the food stamp project following a complaint by a constituent that nutrition is not the governments responsibility. This comment caused me to reflect on the families and children in my community who benefit from SNAP assistance and deserve deeper consideration, he wrote. In my own quest to better understand the outcomes of SNAP assistance, I suggested to this specific Twitter user that we both live on a SNAP equivalent food budget for a week and document our experience. In 25 Accomplishments in 25 Months, Booker and the Newark city council proclaimed successes in adding more police to the city streets, reducing violent crime, expanding public parks, improving access to public transportation and attracting new businesses to the area and creating jobs. Critics, however, have suggested the notion of a reviving Newark was just a mirage and Booker was merely a cheerleader who cared more about his image than getting things done. Journalist Amy S. Rosenberg wrote in 2016 that Booker left behind bruised feelings in the neighborhoods where residents wanted jobs more than cheerleading. And to the residents who forked over big increases in fees and taxes, there remains a gnawing suspicion that Booker cared more about the optics of a social media moment than actually delivering on basic city services. In 2012, Booker saved a woman from a burning house, news of which spread rapidly across social media. On the social network Twitter, users elevated Booker to a sort of hero status, writing that he could win a game of Connect Four with only three moves and that super heroes dress up as Cory Booker on Halloween. He became known as Supermayor. Notable Quotes â€Å"Before you speak to me about your religion, first show it to me in how you treat other people; before you tell me how much you love your God, show me in how much you love all His children; before you preach to me of your passion for your faith, teach me about it through your compassion for your neighbors. In the end, I’m not as interested in what you have to tell or sell as I am in how you choose to live and give.† â€Å"There are two ways to go through life, as a thermometer or a thermostat. Dont be a thermometer, just reflecting whats around you, going up or down with your surroundings. Be a thermostat and set the temperature.†Ã‚   â€Å"Tolerance is becoming accustomed to injustice; love is becoming disturbed and activated by another’s adverse condition. Tolerance crosses the street; love confronts. Tolerance builds fences; love opens doors. Tolerance breeds indifference; love demands engagement. Tolerance couldn’t care less; love always cares more. Sources Ross, Janell. â€Å"Six Noteworthy Things about Cory Booker.†Ã‚  The Washington Post, WP Company, 25 July 2016.Wogan, JB. â€Å"But What Did Cory Booker Actually Accomplish in Newark?†Ã‚  Governing Magazine: State and Local Government News for Americas Leaders, Governing, 1 Dec. 2013.Rosenberg, Amy S. â€Å"Cory Bookers Newark Mirage.† Politico, 8 July 2016. Fast Facts:  Cory Anthony Booker Known For:  U.S. Senator from New Jersey and potential 2020 presidential candidate.   Born:  April 27, 1969, in Washington, D.C. Parents:  Carolyn and Cary Booker. Education: Stanford University, B.S., M.A.; University of Oxford, honors degree; Yale Law School, J.D. Fun Fact: Booker became a social-media sensation after he entered a burning home in Newark, New Jersey, to save his neighbor in 2012.

I did attachment. For all my decument. I want you to do for me just Essay - 1

I did attachment. For all my decument. I want you to do for me just part (1) And part (2) - Essay Example 1. work collaboratively with other campus personnel to develop, implement, evaluate, and revise a comprehensive campus professional development plan that addresses staff needs and aligns professional development with identified goals. 4. implement effective, appropriate, and legal strategies for the recruitment, screening, selection, assignment, induction, development, evaluation, promotion, discipline, and dismissal of campus staff. In the space below, reflect on your responses on the survey. Review your perception of importance of the principal standards, and identify or consider those that you answered with a 3, 2 or 1. If you answered 1 or 2 for some, explain why you do not consider these important. For the second column, frequency of practice, review your responses and consider those responses that received a 2, 1 or 0, and explain why you think these are not practiced. The perception on the survey about the school is quite important given that through appropriate leadership of all the stakeholders of the school ranging from parents, students and the management of the school the principle is able to steer the school forward. The principle is able to integrate all the factors with the school community to shape the culture of the campus. From the survey, the perception of this is very important receiving a 4 except in parameter number 3 where he does not always but use information where appropriate. In parameter number 6, the principle again rewards only when necessary given he is a good custodian of the school resources. The principal has effective communication skills and collaboration skills as well while he also tries as much as possible to always stay away from politics whether internal or external. Integrity and fairness is not given room at all cost with ethics and law upheld to ensure such virtues are well

Critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of the different models Essay

Critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of the different models of Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example Personnel Management involved hiring the best employees, keeping employees productive, monitoring employees in their operations, payment, motivation and development of employees (Biz Bite Consulting Group, 2011). Personnel management was mainly focusebd on ensuring that workers made to provide the best results and this was done in a very isolated manner that was independent of central organizational goals and objectives (Becker and Gerhart, 1996: Thomson, 1999). This meant that employee matters were simply grouped under this aspect of the business and it enabled the business to remain in control of affairs in organisations. Also, personnel management involved a unit that ensured that employee matters were dealt with and employee challenges were revolved. It existed as a necessary unit but not a vital component that was manipulated by management to meet the overall goal of the organisation. Strategic human resource management, on the other hand, evolved to blend personnel management w ith the goals of the organisation (Thomson, 1999). In other words, the personnel management unit is designed and ran in such a way that it contributes directly to the long-term organisational plan and goals (Galbraith and Nathanson, 1978). This integration meant that the strategy of the organisation was integrated into the personnel department and this department was ran to meet organisational strategic goals. In linking the old personnel management unit of a business to the strategic units and levels of businesses, there are four main methods and approaches that are used to link the two systems. They are: 1. Universalistic Approach 2. Contingency Approach 3. Resource-based Approach and 4. Institutionalist Approach Each of these four approaches to strategic human resource management comes with various strengths and weaknesses. This paper examines each of the approaches and undertakes a critical analysis of all of them. This will involve an examination of the main theory that underli nes the approach and an assessment of the merits and demerits of each approach. Universalistic Approach to Strategic Human Resource Management. The universalistic approach assumes that there is one best way of carrying carrying out the human resource management function strategically (Pfeffer, 1998). In other words, the management spend time to crystallize a system of managing people that they consider to be foolproof and appropriate to the organisation in all circumstances. The best way of doing human resource management becomes a universal set of rules that are used to run the human resource management unit as a strategic business unit that works to meet strategic goals of the organisation. There are three yardsticks that are used in defining the 'best way'. These yardsticks come up as a result of the need to define what is best and what will eventually become the universally accepted human resource management system. The first yardstick is a commitment based system which involves the choice of a strategic human resource management system that helps employees to become more committed (Guest, 1987). This way, the basis for choosing a system of implementation is to find out what best enhances employee commitment. The second yardstick is the concern for employee motivated system (Wood, 1999). I doing this, what is defined as the best human resource management system is judged by how sensitive it is to the needs of employees. The third model is quite opposite to the second model. This is a concern for work model. In other words, the universalistic approach is based on the ability of an HRM model to make employees provide the highest level of outcome and results for the

From reading the selected pre-1914 Essay Example for Free

From reading the selected pre-1914 Essay The Return of the Native (pg 414 447) near end of novel From reading the above, what do you learn of Hardys use of vivid description, dramatic incident and reference to Nineteenth century customs and traditions? Which of the three pieces was your favourite and why? From reading the two extracts and the story, I can see that the main difference in the book is how life is in the book compared to our modern 21st century. People in the 19th century depended very heavily on agriculture and farming especially in Wessex, where nearly all of Hardys novels were set. Wages for agricultural labourers were the lowest in the country in Dorset, averaging out at the equivalent of 37p a week in 1840. Magic and superstition was rife in the 19th century, and many people believedin dark powers. Every village in Wessex was supposed to have their own witch. Magic play a big role in two of the stories which I am studying, The Withered Arm, and The Return of the Native. People who committed crimes in the 19th century were severely punished. Poachers were transported to Australia to do hard labour, night burglary was punishable by death. Hangings were still very popular in the 19th century and any hanging was an excuse for a holiday. Class systems in the 19th century were very rigid not many people succeeded in moving up to a higher class, but Thomas Hardy was one of the few people who managed to do this. Thomas Hardy uses vivid description in all of his novels and short stories, including the novels which I am studying, in particular The Mayor of Casterbridge. At the beginning of the chapter, we have an almost cinematic view, as if a camera is zooming in on the three travellers, describing them from afar at first, then in more detail as we begin to see them from closer up. We can almost feel the tension between the two adults, when Hardy says: What was really peculiar was the perfect silence they preserved. In The Withered Arm, Hardy uses vivid description very effectively when description Rhoda Brooks vision. He uses words such as: Peered cruelly and shockingy distorted to imply that Gertrude is mocking her for being cast aside and then Gertrude taking her place as Farmer Lodges wife. This vivid description is also linked to dramatic incident as it is a key chapter in the story, and Hardy uses adjectives to describe Rhodas dream, it makes us feel as though we are actually there, watching this distorted version of Gertrude attacking Rhoda, so Hardys descriptions are very effective in this chapter of the book. Also, at the beginning of the story, we learn a lot from the dairy workers in the farm, who gossip. They gossip about Farmer Lodges new wife and they try to guess how old Farmer Lodge is, all the while ignoring Rhoda Brook, Farmer Lodges ex-wife. In The Return of the Native, when the superstitious Susan creates a voodoo doll resembling Eustacia, Hardys use of vivid description is effective when Susan thrusts pins in the doll, and then puts it in the firem murmuring the Lords Prayer backwards which was a proceed which called for help against an enemy. Magic played a key part in this story; Susan believed that Eustacia was making her son ill, because at the exact moment that he said he was feeling unwell, Eustacias dark shadow crossed the light from her house, but this was just a coincidence. Also, in The Return of the Native, when Eustacia falls into the pool of water near weir, Hardy uses pathetic fallacy, which is when events in the natural world mirror what is going on in the human world. In this case, Eustacia is very depressed and unhappy, so the weather is atrochiously stormy, raining and windy. Because, it has rained so much, the pool has created a whirlpool, and Eustacia falls in. To describe the scene more effectively, Hardy uses metaphors such as: Boiling cauldron, referring to the whirpool, the current, and emphasising the amount of water in the pool. Hardys use of dramatic incident in all three of his stories manage to shape the whole story, especially in The Mayor of Casterbridge. In think amin the dramatic incident in the extract is when Michael Henchard sells his wife at auction when he becomes drunk. The day after, Michael realises how stupid he has been and vows never to touch another drop of alcohol for however many years as his age. I think this is very effective because the day after Michael sells his wife and baby, he realises that alcohol changed him into something he doesnt want to be. In The Mayor of Casterbridge, when Hardy uses dramatic incident, we learn that Hardy builds up suspension before the dramatic climax. When Michael Henchard is trying to sell his wife and baby at auction, nobody will bid the price that he is looking for, then just as Michael is going to withdraw: Yes. said a voice from the doorway. The man in the doorway was in fact, a sailor. He bought Michaels wife for five guineas, and she left, leaving us with the impression that she is glad that she has got away from her husband at last. Hardy uses lots of dialect to show exactly how Michael Henchard feels about his current state of affairs: The woman is no good to me. Who will have her? When Michael is trying to sell his wife, Hardy describes Michaels distaste for her effectively, and when he finally does sell her, even the rough country people in the tent are surprised that he let his wife and child go without a second glance. In The Withered Arm, I think there are two main dramatic incidents: Rhoda Brooks dream, and Gertrudes turning of her blood, when she sees that the young man who has been hanged is, in fact, Rhodas son. When Rhoda has a dream that Gertrude visits her to mock her, Gertrude looks ugly and old. Hardy used use of vivid description works effectively in making us understand that Gertrude has come to mock her because Rhoda has been replaced by her in Farmer Lodges affections. Hardys use of verbs work well in this incident, using words such as thrust, swung, and peered cruelly to create a feeling of hate between Rhoda and the figure come to visit her at night. The other dramatic incident in The Withered Arm is when Gertrude travels to get her arm cured by holding her arm against a newly hanged mans neck, who is in fact Rhodas son. Hardys use of dialect again gives and extra depth to the story, when Rhoda walks in when Gertrudes blood is in the process of being turned: This is the meaning of what Satan showed me in the vision! Rhoda shouts. Hardys use of the word Satan, emphasizes the hatred Rhoda has for Gertrude and perhaps jealousy, for stealing her husband although Gertrudes character is kind and gentle. In The Return of the Native, the main dramatic incident is when Eustacia falls into the whirlpool and Clym Yeobright and Wildeve try to save her, but fail. Three bodies are pulled out, and only one, Clym, survives. Referring again to pathetic fallacy, the weather is awful when Eustacia falls into the boiling cauldron. The slow realisation that Wildeve was actually holding on to Clym when Diggory Venn was seemingly just pulling Clym out creates images of horror. My favourite story is The Withered Arm, because I like Hardys use of magic in Rhodas vision, how Gertrudes arm became deformed because of this. Gertrude obviously has no idea how this happened. Hardys use of vivid description in the book is very effective throughout, but especially in Rhodas vision. Rhoda is obsessed with the idea of Farmer Lodge being with another woman, and sends her son to look at Gertrude and report back to her. When he says that Gertrude is shorter that Rhoda, she seems pleased and smug about herself. I like the way how Hardy has interlinked everything, e. g. Rhodas sons father is Farmer Lodge, the young man who was hanged was Rhodas son. I think it is a very clever story, and at the end, Gertrude dies at the fright of seeing Rhodas son dead, lying limp in the coffin. I think that the story shows that Rhoda is perhaps so obsessed about Farmer Lodge and Gertrude it is almost unhealthy, and because of this, maybe this is why she had the vision in the first place. I learn that Gertrude is forgiving, even though when she went to see Conjuror Trendle and he created the concoction of egg white and water, Rhodas image formed. Gertrude was surprised, but she doesnt question it because she had no idea that Rhoda had anything to do with her arm.

Snow White Essay -- Movies Disney Essays

Snow White The film that the Disney Company claim to be the start of it all, the 1937 classic, Snow White and the seven dwarfs, has been one of the most successful theatre releases of all time. Re- released almost every decade since it?s premier, the first ever-animated feature film seems to have appealed to audiences of all generations. Synopsis The story begins in fairytale fashion, as a book opens, and the viewer can read the introduction to the film. A princess (The protagonist) imprisoned in the castle by her evil stepmother, she dreams someday a prince will rescue her. All is well until the stepmother asks her magic mirror ?Mirror, Mirror on the wall, who is the fairest of them all to which the mirror replies that she is not the fairest for Snow White has grown more fair. Angered by this she sends a huntsman to kill her stepdaughter. Instead he warns the princess and tells her to run away and never return. Snow white runs deep into the Forrest, frightened and homeless she is offered refuge at the Dwarfs cottage. At first the Queen believes Snow White to be dead after the huntsman bought back the heart of a pig, instead of Snow Whites. When she asks the magic mirror again, she is shocked to hear that the Princess is still alive. Enraged with Jealousy she concocts a spell on a red apple which when eaten will send the vict im into a deep sleep only to be awakened by loves first kiss. While the dwarfs are working in the mine, the evil Queen pays the princess a visit, disguised as an old beggar women. She offers the apple to the Snow White who takes a bite and falls into deep sleep. The dwarfs return and chase away the witch, who in desperation to get away falls off a cliff to her death. In believing she is dead, Snow... ...t entertainment went far beyond gags. Audiences had to be taken out of themselves, and transported into a fantasy world. ?At first the cartoon medium was just a novelty, but it never really began to hit until we had more than tricks.. . .until we developed personalities. We had to get beyond getting a laugh. They may not roll in the aisles, but that doesn?t mean that you don?t have a great picture. You have to have pathos in the thing.? Walt Disney Bibliography Understanding Animation Paul Wells Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs DVD Collectors Edition Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, An art in it?s making Martin Krause and Linda Witkowski Disney discourage, producing the Magic Kingdom Edited by Eric Smoodin Serious Business Stefan Kanfer Charlie Chaplin Theodore Huff Walt Disney, Hollywood?s dark prince Marc Eliot

Department Stores

A department store is a retail establishment preferring wide range of commodities, usually including ready-to-wear apparel, fashion goods, beauty necessities, yard and household goods and further on. Numerous department in which it is divided such as merchandising, advertising, marketing, services, accounting and financial department usually handle it. The first department store in the retailing history was Bennett’s in Derby, it opened in 1734 and it remains in the same building since it’s opening. The origin of department stores is related to the industrial revolution in the 19th century and the growth of a consumer society.A wealthy class was growing, dragging with a constantly changing fashion, which created an enabling environment for the expansion of stores in that area. Today, department stores are mainly part of a retailing chain, usually a main department store is located in strategic area of a big city and the others are all around the city, country or sometim es the world. But we can still find independent retailers. â€Å" Vision without action is a day dream. Action without vision is a nightmare. † – Japanese proverb. This applies to marketing. Indeed, establishing a procedure in marketing without planning it in advance will lead to ruin.Before initiation, a plan should be well prepared from it’s begging to its end leaving to chance any step. For a successful marketing plan the contractors have to initially think about the aim. All factors must be taken into consideration before starting the procedure. JC Penney’s case is a relevant example. When the American department store launched its new pricing strategy consisting in the suppression of discounts, heavy promotions, coupons and replacing it by every day low price. The chief executive underestimated the importance granted by costumers to sale and special discounts, which made its plan a big failure.In the fashion industry, when a company needs to launch a new product or line they develop a marketing plan. These plans explain the strategy that will be followed and the details of the procedure in order to legitimize the costs, which will be implied on the company. We can count the main type of marketing plans: the strategic one, where the decision is up to the senior management and the plan is designed to achieve a long-range goal (at least five years), for example a ?10 billion investment plan for Japan’s premier department store, Isetan Shinjuku, based in Tokyo.The outlet has been completely redesigned and transformed into a fashion museum presenting a combination of art, music and films while maintaining its primary function as a department store. The second type is the functional planning, which is a short-term plan up and is up to the middle mangers in key business areas but supervised by front line mangers.This is the kind of marketing planning is used during the Christmas period with the window displays in the biggest de partment stores, such as Galleries Lafayette in Paris or Selfridges in London, they team up with fashion houses and designers for displays with recurring themes including architecture, fairy-tales and scale play. We can also count the operational planning, a short-term action plan developed by supervisors or front-line mangers to accomplish a specific goal, for example: the case Macy’s plan to open on thanksgiving, while all of its competitors are closed on that day.The goal here is to be the only department store open, generate a tremendous profit in one day. Finally, there is the contingency plan, aiming to get a back up plan ready to cope an anticipated situation if it ever occurs. All of these plans need to be efficiently prepared step by step. According to Phillip Kotler, there are six essential steps for a successful planning. The first one is the situational analysis, where the company examines the Macro forces to highlight its strength and weaknesses. Although these f actors can play in the favour of the company, sometimes they can also be barriers in the smooth running of a project.Then comes objectives setting, in order to set its objectives a company have to take into consideration it's stakeholders, company reputation, technology and other matters of concern. Then, once the goals are set a timetable has to be held to avoid any mishaps. Then the strategy, by choosing which strategy will be pursued to complete the task successfully. The company then sets its mode of action and the path that will be followed during the project. After that comes the tactics, this step is meant to plan what is called in marketing the 4Ps (product, price, place, promotion) but also to schedule the strategy into a calendar.And finally the controls, which lasts throughout the project, since it aims to ensure the effective conduct of each part of the marketing plan and if not then find a solution to remedy the situation. All of these plans differ from one company to a nother according to its positioning goal. The positioning of a company is what distinguishes it from its competitors, so the ideas in costumers mind when they think about that company. As we can see in the perceptual positioning map above, the customers may see department stores that sell the same product as different.Thereby, the Italian department store, Rinascente, is considered as one of the most fashionable department stores across the world. However, the German department store Kadewe which is ranked equally fashionable is perceived as more luxurious while Debenhams despite the fact that the fashion perception it granted is as high as the two previous stores its luxury perception is lower than both of them. Nowadays, these marketing plans include immense use of technology to improve and facilitate their performance. â€Å"Information technology and business are becoming inextricably interwoven.I don’t think anybody can talk meaningfully about one without talking about the other. † – Bill Gates. Reaching that goal is made possible by the numerous advantages of technology. One of them is social media. Based on telecommunication and social interaction, it is the best way to disclose information and to advertise, but in the same time get live feed back about it. Indeed, markets behaviour is changing, how they are known for talking but not listening and now a new strategy is being implemented known as buzz monitoring. This consists of tracking relevant conversations through the Internet that will allow the  company to get an idea about its level of popularity amongst people, but also what comes to their mind when they think about it. However, a scientifically developed panel is still more effective than social media listening to gather data but then social media is more relevant because costumers are discussing with each other. Indeed, they don’t always trust what the company says to them since it is a part of their strategy to o nly reveal the best about it self, but costumers will talk about their experience and what they honestly think about it as they don’t have any interest in hiding the truth.The beauty department store Sephora belongs to those who knew how to make profit from social networks. Indeed, it manifests its presence in all of the most popular social medias – such as Facebook, micro blogging as Twitter, photo-sharing websites as Pintrest, smartphone photo-sharing application as Instagram, video-sharing websites as YouTube and further more. It takes advantage by finding the purposes other than advertising and buzz monitoring.The department store figured out that customers want beauty advices and tutorials both in store and online, so it started sharing experts’ knowledge and guidance, which will then boost sales. It also promotes loyalty programmes via social medias, offering exclusivities to followers which was obviously a successful marketing plan to gain followers since they count more than 5 million fans on Facebook and more than 1. 8 million followers on Google+. But technology is not used by department stores only for advertising and maintaining a relationship with customers; it is also used for selling purposes.E-shopping makes life easier by a greater availability of products, constant sales and discounts and international shipping. However, the relevance of department stores websites for shopping is still questionable. Indeed, when a retailer selects a brand to work with, it can’t also select the products that will be displayed under that partnership and the brand won’t display all of its collections in the department store. Since then, when it comes to online shopping the brand’s own website is more attractive as there are considerably more options.In the pictures below we can see the example of Adidas and Galleries Lafayette – the French department store- website. While the retailer only sells four bags for both men and women, in the brand website customers can shop up to 218 bags and that’s only for women. The maintenance of this relationship between the business and the customer is based on the principal of communication. Communication is the process of transferring information between senders and receivers, using one or more written, oral, visual, or electronic media.â€Å"The art of communication is the language of leadership.† – James Humes Whatever the idea one person has, even if it is the greatest ever, it won’t be useful for the company if the person doesn’t know how to communicate it, how to explain it and make other people understand what it means. Whether addressing to a superior or an employee if there is a misunderstanding the project will be doomed to failure. Also, for some positions in the workplace one needs to deal with costumers who don’t have the same level of expertise, in such situations good communication skills will be usef ul to explain intricate things in a simple way.Likewise, the higher the hierarchical position, the lower are the technical skill requirements and the greater are the good communication skill needs. This is explained by the fact that important positions implies dealing with more important people, who are more punctilious when it comes to the way you talk or behave near them. Tough, to be an effective communicator it is necessary to master the different stages of the communication process: To manage this process successfully a behavioural equilibrium has to be found.There are three main types of behaviours: Passive Behaviour involves saying nothing in a response, keeping feelings to yourself, hiding feelings from others, and perhaps even hiding your feelings from yourself. Aggressive Behaviour involves expressing your feelings indirectly through insults, sarcasm, labels, put-downs, and hostile statements and actions. And the third type is Assertive behaviour, which is a balance betwee n both of the preceding behaviours. It involves describing your feelings, thoughts, opinions, and preferences directly to another person in an honest and appropriate way that respects both you and the other person.It is the latter, that is most recommended to adapt in the workplace. Then, the sender needs to decide which communication tool is the most suitable one to the audience and the situation. When it comes to business-to-business communication e-mails are faster, efficient and direct. They say enough without saying too much. While Faxes mark certain indifference since they are limited to the strict minimum. Usually, they should be accompanied with a phone call to give further information or at least show interest from the sender’s part to the receiver.Phone calls can also be used for other purposes; it is a good way to show concern but also to show respect. This leads us to the audience-centred approach which consists in getting to know the audience we are dealing with which is known as the  «you  » attitude. This ability to relate to the need of the others is one of the keys of success of manager leaders. It works both in the Business-to-Business communication and Business-to-Customer communication. In the example below, we can see the example of an advertising campaign of the French department store Galleries Lafayette.The model on the signboard is dressed like the  « perfect  » Parisian, with the beret, the white top and blue pair of jean’s and in addition to amplify the French spirit, on the foreground of the scenery an accordion is shown. All of this staging is meant to flatter Parisian, which are proud of their identity and make them feel that the department store is made for them. Communication skills may also be useful when it comes to marketing communication. Marketing communication is defined as the media tool used to reach a market; it refers to the promotion part of the â€Å"marketing mix† and the â€Å"four Psà ¢â‚¬  (Price, place, product and promotion).It also refers to the different strategies used while making the promotion of a certain product. The marketing process is divided in five steps: Here, marketing communication starts in the second stage and goes until the fourth one and its primary purpose is to create value for customers and build customer relationship because without customers a company has no reason to exist. To achieve that goal numerous tools can be used. Advertising is one of them, provides a direct line of communication to your existing and prospective customers about your product or service.As here for example, with Harvey Nichols advertising campaign called THE NEW BREED which plays on the luxury stereotype of the handbag dog replacing the traditional Chihuahua by a bull terrier to promote its new involvement into an accessible fashion  « The new breed  ». Public relation is also a tool of marketing communication. Building and keeping good relationships with m edia is important for the brand/store’s image and reputation. But the art of good public relation also involves being able to manage successfully and adverse publicity.Another tool is sales promotions, commonly used to increase sales in short term, it attracts new customers interested in lower price, which can later become loyal customers depending on their experience in the department store. For example, the British department store Selfridges runs every year  « Christmas comes early  », which consists in Christmas sales earlier than its competitors so it can attract its concurrent customers since they can do their Christmas shopping earlier without paying the high price.To make their promotion, companies use more and more direct mail, which consist in an e-mail address of the receiver by its name and selling him products destined for its target group depending on information the company collected about him in its database. The Internet marketing – as seen previou sly – also used very much by retailers to sell and promote their products. Sponsorship is a form of indirect marketing that consists of paying an organisation, which will use your brand logo and this way generate publicity.Below are Macy’s areas of sponsorships in 2011 according to IEG Research. Competition in the retailing world has very quickly grown during the last century. Today, to face the concurrence retailers resort to strategies aiming to bring them to the top. To reach that aim different tools are used and mainly communication that builds relationship between department store, stockholders, partners, employees and customers.

Meaningful Work

I believe that meaningful work means doing a job that fulfills what you want to achieve. This may be in the form of money or prestige or simply self-satisfaction. It should be the easiest way to get to where you want to be. Most people view their jobs as terrible, hard or boring tasks that need to be done just to survive. I, however, would rather look at work as something to enjoy while making sure I get something I want in return. Hating one’s job seems to be a public consensus. Very few appreciate their work.   Calvin, in the comic series, Calvin and Hobbes, is popular for saying â€Å"It’s only work if somebody makes you do it.† Most people look at their jobs as stressful because of the pressure that goes with it: deadlines, hard-to-please employers and waking up early after sleeping late the night before. If we really think about it, it is not any different from school. At least in a job, you get paid not just a grade. People would rather avoid work because of the pressure. However, stress management is something we all can learn because â€Å"stress is a response to pressure.† (What Is Work) To handle pressure, we must learn how to balance work and life instead of letting it rule our lives. Sir James M. Barrie, the author of Peter Pan, once said â€Å"nothing is really work unless you would rather do something else† but I believe that to achieve great things, we need to change our view of work. In the book, â€Å"The Lazy Way To Success – How To Do Nothing And Accomplish Everything,† the author, Fred Gratzon, believes that the â€Å"basis of success is not hard work. The basis of success is doing less.† (25) What he meant was that by thinking clearly of how to solve our problems (money, most of the time), we can find solutions that do not necessarily take our happiness away. Gratzon believes that if you put the problem in its correct perspective, you can think of easier ways to get what you want less anxiety and effort. Gratzon is right. Work, I believe is important to achieve what I want or need. It may be money or prestige or happiness. Whatever my goals would be in the future will determine my chosen jobs someday. Realistically, I know I can’t always get the job I want but I believe that I can choose the right attitude and do what I need to do to get what I want. Work is not a pain but a means for me to gain. Work is the way to put meaning in my life. Works Cited â€Å"What Is Work Related Stress?† workstress.net. 2006 http://www.workstress.net/whatis.htm. Gratzon, Fred. The Lazy Way To Success – How To Do Nothing And Accomplish Everything. Iowa: Soma Press, 2002.