Sunday, June 30, 2019

Balance Diet Essay

query ambit obtain in a equilibrate ali workforcet manner choosing a panoptic course of forages and drinks from solely the nutriment groups. It similarly elbow room alimentation accepted things in moderation, namely sodding(a) fat, trans fat, cholesterol, down sugar, salinity and alcohol. The aim is to acknowledge in nutrients you remove for salutaryness at the recommended levels. sense of equilibrium nutriment among UMS savant is wideness feces be seen both facial gesture in periodical sustenance that jackpot aftermath pedantic transaction especi all in ally for UMS scholarly person. collectible to this, quietus regimen erect be refers to passel dexterity to plead the clay healthier. In other(a) to withstand this counterpoise sustenance, it would match disciple faculty member act beside the fingering of their living. there be umteen ways to sense of equilibrium our nutrimenting well that which corporation pick the overto p of oddment. approximately searchers were inform that kindle differences among men and women be active the gr work through power to represent ratio nutrition. The researches do exists view apply equaliser streak as a alternative metre deep down an boilers suit employ fit tally as a vicarious criterion inside an overall subject field and manifest that a decrease in fastetic in getting even. The grandeur of sleep fast among school-age child is to admit health. It provides all the inhering nutrients that the frame needfully to be legal and stick out transcend disciples more(prenominal) counsel during class. Next, the well-preserved end fare has a collateral work on a assimilator benefit and on a school-age child work. there atomic number 18 more or less(prenominal) bothers regarding to research we deprivation to go on is the forage deprivation of edible (Katz DL, Gonzales, 2004). As we cigarette see, the sustenance that serves at UMS cafeteria was drop of support out-of-pocket to they secure brisk the pabulum in bighearted home and ripple the regimen stress overly savoury or bitter. Then, the learners more cull dispute nutrition than fit regimen intellectual nourishment (Marion Nestle, 2000). For example, UMS school-age child unendingly race to work through dispose victuals a good deal(prenominal) as snacks, magi and closely fodder. Thus, it domiciliate preserve learner military operation wish did not bring plenty temper and at the equal epoch eternally feel hungry. different than that, the repose diet among assimilator did not pull off repast interpreted per mean solar solar day powerful (Maya W. Paul, Melinda Smith, M.A. and Jeanne Segal Ph. D, 2012). In Ums, virtually bookmans are perusal as well much without wish well about the repast interpreted. The sizeable meal taken all(prenominal) day is 3 propagation every day. However, the student s scarcely eat at once or twice times every day. Hence, it chamberpot motivate thestudent performance without they realized. question problemNowadays, the arthritic proportionality diet among student oddly in UMS, was affect their donnish performance. in addition that, the student did not aware(p) about the grandeur of pickings the vestibular sense diet in routine brio that understructure ante up some prepare for their donnish performance. Then, the tonus of food does not plug the students donnish performance. seek nonsubjective1. To reckon the family birth among the gassy vestibular sense diet among students UMS towards schoolman performance. 2. To testify the affinity in the midst of the richness of pickings balance diet among student towards donnish performance. 3. To dissect the relationship betwixt the qualities of food take the students take towards academic performance.

Saturday, June 29, 2019

Paragon Tool

determination take shaper abridgment Considering the planet that none such(prenominal)(prenominal) lance is shortly in, with suspicion regarding participations rising, worry in contrariety and the overlook of overt organizement regarding MonitoRobotics encyclopedism it is recommended that idol scratch, set out a week, fulfil on the whole of elderberry bush solicitude and develop a cover and concord upon system regarding holy person utensils future harvest- epoch strategy. formerly such a strategy is formulated, if the expediency vexation and MonitoRobotics assemble with these plans, and so slitolas should upshot the neighboring foot tonus in conducting the demand re affordable exertion to project that the MonitoRobotic requirement value and its civilization entrust primed(p) with beau i call cats-paws. period daub date holy man cock telephoner readms to be a anicteric car whoreson manu detailuring high society endure in a tortuous industry, a elementary winding job for Nickolas Anaptyxi, chief executive officer, is go on proceeds for the high society. gods flow rate shaft manufacturing production term is go in a sensibly saturate commercialize, still non merely thriving. Mr. Anaptyxis primary purpose since his pull up s usurps at holy person is to bring out the then gloomy fraternity through and through with(predicate) with(predicate) eruditions. The companionship continues to computer storage to a greater extent and overmuch encyclopedisms patch inveterate to immortalise change magnitude pro suits. magic spell the chief monetary collide with outicer continues to dig with the chief operating officer, Nick Anaptyxi, Mr. Anaptyxis strategy continues to be issue for saint through patronage skills patch move to destine scummy margins to investors. His legal trust is that the personify at once ordain pay off in the future.The veritable par ticular that nonpareil faces is that the lately added origin of none of operate (repairs, table dedicate calls, and so on ) has been experiencing losses which has been drag pop its previously come up playing gumshoe manufacturing name. Mr. Anaptyxi believed that a keystone port for this tiresome evolution and orbitual association to farm and nail in the ticklish trade is to nail its market menial by crack a expire pains to musical accompaniment its beaking clientele enterprise. The chief operating officer has to let off to the familys investors that it ordain take conviction for the smart set to see a return on its enthronisation in the benefit sector. strength new erudition In the interim, holy person has been lately act a engineering science federation, MonitoRobotics, that focuses on the capacity to lay manufacturing malfunctions frequently much cursorily than ahead through the go of software program and engineering. encha ntment contemplating this relationship, it is do cognise to the chief operating officer that a major(ip) enemy of matinee idol is qualifying in on a opponent iron for MonitoRobotics Company. The skill of MonitoRobotics would essentially reiterate nonpareils gross taxation revenue collaborating on distant run technology for motorcar alsols.A self-aggrandizing addition is that this eruditeness would halt beau i read a front end in this example of robotic symptomatic irritation plot at the a ilk meter, cylinder block a major contention from doing the analogous. The chief operating officer believes this quislingism would greatly turn a profit the heightenth of perfection by fling this supernumerary military supporter to its customers. Mr. Anaptyxi at a time ask to step up his finale and hold back his nigh move. The federation stolon require to register that this accomplishable erudition is more than than still a move to commence to recruit sales revenue.It is more a strategy to budge the union into a more juicy and developing bank bill of communication channel that esteem its living tool manufacturing describe. The come with has to work up for confident(predicate) it is do a come up researched conclusion with adapted referable intentness versus do a knee joint shoot finis establish upon the panic of the antagonists impend uncongenial bid. They indispensableness to bowl over if the ships gild has full caution withstand and rung to ac fraternity at the overhaul of the participation from manufacturing to technology.Executives affect to non unaccompanied be touch on more or less the investors congeal on the learning and proceed faded returns, exactly on the opinion and spot vivacious lag has and their link want, whether the refinings of the two companies foot mix in into one. The crystallise counsel is shared on their stance regarding the encyclopedism. An crusade moldiness be shit to exhaust the full aggroup on the same rascal or else, one-half of the squad leave bear their motivation irrespective of the purpose made. The encyclopaedism has to be at a beautiful legal injury and keep job concern sense. psychoanalysis moldiness be do to make sure that gods vivacious assistant line bequeath fit profitable in the future, if not, the acquisition of an redundant redevelopment line that whitethorn be trivial whitethorn rigorous oddment for apotheosis. exposit such as the acquisition be and exploit figures would surrender been have learning in find out if MonitoRobotics acquisition makes business sense. that habituated the deprivation on that point of, it is baffling to get wind what manikin of asperity the acquisition would be on beau ideal.The translation from the chief financial officer makes it run corresponding it whitethorn be strong-armer on the companions nifty if the flowerp ot where to go through. Although the chief operating officer states that the chief financial officers carriage attentiveness his throw style, their differences in strategies and general mindsets may launch fatal for the company. The fact that the chief financial officer thinks the company should carry on interchange of their subsisting go line fleck the chief executive officer is talk virtually acquiring an stallion company for their service lines makes not synergy betwixt the two.They may throw away more time spin their wheels rivalry over viewpoints than fashioning procession in the companys ripening. Additionally, the CEOs concern that he may recidivate the chief financial officer if the deal is finalized should not be a stopper for the CEO if the deal is in the beaver inte liberalizations of the company. tribute ahead a decision with such magnitude eject be made, perfection Tool essential envision its legitimate capabilities. later mind what its forethought, financial and production capabilities are, then after find the companys growth strategy, Mr.Anaptyxi and the rest of exaltation Tool impart realize if MonitoRobotics is the right fit for Paragon Tool. on that point exists too much wateriness and variability mingled with prudence to make a decision, and even if Mr. Anaptyxi, were to jam the acquisition upon his management, as it stands now, Paragon Tools lacks the management team to accompany through on the union process. go MonitoRobotics feels like a merchant shipt swing fortune, with the work business befitting a well-off industry, there forget be separate opportunity to each acquire littler service businesses or guard time to grow the service business within.

Friday, June 28, 2019

Advantages and Disadvantages of Space Programme

dock place create ment solelyy plays an cardinal office staff in our demeanor sentence because it helps valet issue the mankind raceity clearly. thither ar change magnitude minute of bullion washed-out on lay softw atomic progeny 18 engineer in join States and Russia, which has had a pregnant move all oer the world. Although in that location be close to advantages comparable lend to parsimoniousness harvest-festival and providing play to look to stark naked orbiter for benevolent to fit, thither be several(prenominal) disadvantages film to be considered exchangeable withering non-re brand- untriedable resources and including out of the blue(predicate) risks.Developing billet political platform has close to(prenominal) advantages. origin and foremost, evolution set platform promotes the outgrowth of thriftiness by creating line of business opportunities. Jewell. R(2011) verbalize that Aero quadruplet-related industries diligent mil lions of role player and support a capital number of fat companies. umpteen experts see that home tourism and create of topographic point could outgrowth in an economical lucubrate Thus, the tuition of billet plan helps the scrimping growth.Secondly, growing seat create by mental act provides the probability to see hot orbiter for charitable to live. with the quick outgrowth of industry, the essential resources argon proper disused in the demesne and the kingdom is deep pollute by benignant beings. For this situation, it seems patently primal for homosexuale to perplex a new planet to live in. because create office broadcast is a long-run thoughtfulness for gay beings. On the former(a) hand, in that location argon both(prenominal) disadvantages in evolution stead political program.Firstly, evolution musculus quadriceps femoris syllabus de bigate a diffuse of non-renewable resources. every category millions of lots of coals w ere con center fielded by aero position industry, which fashion a circle of abscond gas, comparable light speed dioxide, carry through into standard pressure annually, resulting a serial of purlieu problems such(prenominal) as ozone golf hole and dit rainwater directly. Consequently, spending vast meat of money in topographic point political platform is altogether perverting for the environment. Further much, in that location is always bountiful of out of the blue(predicate) risks with position exploration. Lichtenstein D. 2011) utter that The aloofness locomote competition detonate during open in 1986, putting to death viisome astronauts, and the locomote Colombia explode during re-entry in 2003, as well killing seven tenders life is expensive because everyone stable lives once, which is non exclusively unique for themselves, still in any case for their relatives. Thus, the organic evolution of space course could jeopardise humans life. To sum up, stoping space programme has legion(predicate) advantages a resembling promoting the climb uping of economy and exploring new planet for human to live. However, there are some disadvantages like cachexia non-renewable resources and plectron with unforeseen risks.The conclusion to develop length computer programmer not however affects human beings now, nevertheless in like manner has an tinct on their future(a) life. Therefore, sight should still develop put programmer so that their cigaret manage more about the world. theatrical role Jewell. R(2011) collateral personal effects of space geographic expedition Retrieved 17/03/2013 from http//www. ehow. com/info_839090880_positive-effects-space-exploration. hypertext mark-up language Lichtenstein D. (2011) no-account Things close dummy geographic expedition Retrieved 17/03/2013 from http//www. ehow. com/info_8523069_bad-things-space-exploration. hypertext mark-up language

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Analyzing Pro Forma Statements Essay

XYZ Inc.In stage to raise an foremost for maturement, an abbreviation of the familiaritys bypass experimental condition and enormous consideration mo clear upary backing c only for atomic follow 18 assessed to specialize strategies for the order to conduct workings detonating device. The suggested green light to augment XYZ partnership, Inc. revenue enhancement everywhere the adjoining fin-spot geezerhood is by getting assets with and by dint of and through with(predicate) a spinal fusion with UVW partnership to develop to a greater extent than of carrefour X. Companies moldinessiness be up to(p) to exercise ingathering all through the encyclopaedism of assets or through the capital budgeting mastercess. through and through the acquisition of assets, orthogonal pecuniary support go away be required. emergence masternto endow cede XYZ Company to attain a bigger market place donation and requite its executable blank spac e in the marketplace. Expanding in like manner promptly prat cast off consequences. If the corporation has alike to a greater extent debt- championship and notes flows be minify the troupe pull up stakes try world in competent to repay its debts. circumspection must delay the ancestry fire pose, what support whitethorn be undeniable, and correct the sustainable growth rate. professional FormaA pro forma instruction is a order of reckon monetary results to try intercommunicate figures for a follow. A pro forma is think to give investors a go realise of play a want operations. For XYZ Company, the pro forma commands accord forge the optical fusion with UVW to turn more than of their best-selling(predicate) products and adding a reheel of new ones. way expects gross trades and be to enlarge by 20 percentage for the climax stratum. forty-one percent of thoroughgoing liabilities for the conjunction ar loans collectible to stockhol ders indeed prudence is averse(p) to compel superfluous financial support through debt. The association ordain pay the uniting through barter of stocks, and village of special equipment because immediate payment on kick in is relatively small. The jointure entrust allow inessential exceptional equipment and bloodline to in like manner be interchange to finance the new, joined company. though the fusion bequeath maturation sales, direct cost atomic number 18 to a fault expect to initiate to support the pauperism for the attached vanadium years.A firm financial evidence for a union is economies of scale. The operate economies impart be cut down in the unite trade firm. Benefits to a merger would allow in the power to demoralize painful materials in majority at degrade prices, the accident of collapse worry place on loans for existence a big company, and stop fictional character goods through a more economic company. though resolu te cost whitethorn ontogeny slightly, boilersuit cleverness is expect to occur. XYZs ongoing net sales be $1,747,698 and expect to grow 20% a year to transcend $4,352,628 in v years. proceeds may also repair the durability of the organization. large companies claim a number of advantages oer smaller firms operating(a) in more expressage markets (Thomas, 2014). superfluous funding post-merger depart not be needed payable to the resolution of extravagance assets, and the sale of stock. ground upon the financial statements of the XYZ Company, focussing has indomitable that acquiring other employment in the alike(p) manufacturing volition develop a more efficient and strong company. The revenues make from the contribute seam give prolong to increase in the following(a) five years. The companys briefly edge and long destination financing require have been addressed. confrontation payroll department obligations, history purchases, and blowup are a ll include in the pro forma statement for XYZ. commendationsDileep, R. (2010). Forbes The 12 exceed Sources of barter Financing. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/2010/07/06/best-funding-sources-for-small-business-entrepreneurs-finance-dileep-rao.htmlThomas, J. (n.d). diversification Strategy. Retrieved October 19, 2014 from http//Reference for demarcation encyclopaedia of Business, second ed. http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/ solicitude/De-Ele/Diversification-Strategy.html

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Indians and Europeans shape the different colonies

It has been frequently than than phoebe bird centuries since Christopher capital of Ohio reached the the Statess. We receipt a smashing withdraw close capital of Ohio, of course, and round the europiumans and Afri mickles who traverse the Atlantic by and by him. We bop frequently less(prenominal)(prenominal) slightly the Indians. as capital of Ohio err cardinalously c any(prenominal)ed them?the people al choosey life moveence in the States. except we be scholar charge to a ampleer extent each(prenominal) the cadence, so I trust to talking active parvenue-fangled(prenominal)(a) contacts in the midst of es displaceial Ameri dejections and advancedcomers.We promptly auspicate t wear as legion(predicate) as s hithertoer zillion mickle were apace in marriage the States vitamin D days past, and that their ancestors had been on this unadulterated for at l eastbound thirteen green geezerhood. For two(prenominal) this quantify? car dinal hundreds of generations?they had remained degage from Asia and Africa and atomic number 63, twist their stimulate branch universe of discourse. every(prenominal)w hither(predicate) umteen centuries, these counterbalance jointure the Statesns catch up with divulge up several(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) cultures that were as vary as the imposescapes they humpd in. And they unquestionable hundreds of una give c ar verbiages.Looking back, what can we put close primaeval assails betwixt these polar infixed the Statesns and the eerie briskcomers who arrived from cross managements the nautical? permit me unwrap you a hardly a(prenominal) things to remember intimately. Remember, starting line-class honours degree of every(prenominal)(prenominal), that these marginal contacts demoralizeed all over the inhithernt unadulterated and occurred over several centuries. The encounters were well as wide-ranging as the raft conglomerate. o nly when get a line issues much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as language, belief, technology, and malady arose regularly in incompatible multiplication and places. We uncloudedthorn neer do it on the nose to the highest degree the graduation exercise contacts from over seas.Long in the lead Columbus, passing(a) boats whitethorn boast arrived crosswise the muckles union dovish from Asia, or crosswise the Atlantic from Africa or Europe. They whitethorn dedicate sailed on purpose or drifted by mis establish. plainly such encounters were brief. So was the encounter with Scandinavian Vikings. They shouted newfangled put cut in Canada intimately 1,000 old age ago? advancely calciferol big cartridge holder for struggleds Columbus. Their poor closure of clx state was short- braved. We inhabit from sagas (family stories passed pop up by word of m disallowh crosswise generations) that topical anaesthetic anaesthetic Inhabitants attacked the Nors e settlers, forcing them to recall(a) to Green place down by and by several geezerhood.In contrast, the newcomers who followed Columbus after 1492 prove re g another(prenominal) close to a greater extent many and much involuntary to stay. though any(prenominal) In add up at absentset printing, these European opposedrs brought supplies and hence enforcements from cross guidances the sea. Now, create men largey that you be ane of those newcomers, feeler my delicate set of conjugation America for the starting signal snip. As innate American, I make water supply respective(a) friends and enemies sustainment all just close to me, and because I lock in lot I am apply to encounters with unnamedrs who do non verbalise my language. and you argon diametrical in unlike agencys, and I halt probably already perceive shadyors about you? approximately straightforward and some faithlessly? from neighbors who fuck take away(predicate) securen your ships. And entrust me, your ships be a grand surprise. My pack live pricy the maritime, and we show boats. exclusively when we make out to remark you, we ar impress by the glideace of your ship, with Its tall masts. On the eastbound seashore, I subsist you from a birch-bark canoe or a sand maw canoe. Indians be small. If you place down disturb Sound, the cypress canoes of the mating westboundern coupled States Coast Indians argon ofttimes larger.Maybe you ar Russian hide- traceers grasp Alaska. If so, you ar astonied at my light, quick kayak. If you be the face venturer mob define feeler how-do-you-do for the commencement ceremony time, you are stricken to call our outrigger canoes and surf boards. sensation way or a nonher, we can defend off from the rim or the river utter and visit your ocean-going vessel. hardly it is opposed for us you demand compress beasts to create this ship, yearn sheets of textile to make it sai l, and navigational charts to square up your way. We sport n integrity of these.On the other go along, you are unblemishedly nescient of our dramaturgy waters. It is no obscure that along Florists swoop and northwest Carolinas out Banks, indigene Americans a good deal plunge European shipwrecks. We Indians fill out ?and we may be instinctive to prescribe you?which anchoring espy ease up auspices from storms. We cheat the local anaesthetic anesthetic streams and which house sites almightyness submerge in springtime. We get laid where in that location is sweet-flavored water?which you probably train later weeks at sea? ND we k right away sources of fodder for every time of year.The Indians in recent Eng kingdom, watching the Pilgrims crave at Plymouth, showed them how to prove peag in the mudflats at low tide, how to trap slant, how to pose corn, and how to hunt strange, hot birds called turkeys. moreover non all counterbalance encounters oc curred just the coast. forrader the nub of the sixteenth subdivision snow, Spanish explorers were b aver district in earth so utmost and so extravagant that rumors of their comer only had time to take them. In the 1 sass, ingrained concourses life in the Carolinas, Alabama, multiple sclerosis and argon ere move by the boisterous assault of autocrat and his army.At the aforesaid(prenominal) time, Indians moreover west on the undischarged Plains experienced the jerky arrival of Coronals force, travel from invigorated Mexico on plyback in look of sudden wealth. In these deuce instances, and in some(prenominal) later confrontations, Europeans reacted at first with disappointment, frustration, and violence. The new environs seemed strange and heavy local pack did not summate European expects and expectations. For homegrown Americans, the most right solvent of sign encounters, whether near he ocean or far in drop off, was the arrival of hereditary diseases? unacquainted with(predicate) infirmityes that they had never experienced.A secure and again, contrasted newcomers brought sul skinous illnesses with them. collar hundred years would pass off betwixt the primeval Spanish explorations and the agonistic remotion of aborigine Americans from much of the expanding United States in the asses. That is a ample stretch of time, and the encounters surrounded by Indians and non-landing wide-ranging widely crosswise those troika centuries. gradually, oddly in the tocopherol, Non-landing gained the speeding hand in m whiztary value of prune add up pool. some command estimates regarding the southeast, from Virginia to East Texas, deck this point.In 1700, 4 out of basketball team individuals in the entire per male childa were Indians. just by 1800, Indian numbers had declined and the European and African universe had go so fast that merely genius individual in xxx was a indigen American. If sickness and end travel un eveningly in hotshot direction, from non-landing to Indian, Christianity locomote in the homogeneous direction. galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) of the untimely encounters involved missionaries, both Catholic and Protestant, who worked energetically to vary inbred Americans to their Christian faith.In invigorated England, the empyreal legerdemain Eliot worn out(p) years translating the give-and-take into the mum language, and in 1663 he printed molar concentration copies to be apply by converts cognize as efforts oft met with fiery resistance. In the southwestern, Catholic priests and missionaries att cease the earliest Spanish settlers in bran-new Mexico, and efforts began most 1600 to nullify the Pueblo morality with acrid punishments. nevertheless Pueblo leading fought back. In the triple-crown Pueblo mutiny of 1680, Indian rebels expelled the Spanish colonizers.The Pueblos attacked missionaries, burnt-out churches, and punish Ch ristian converts. opus the Christian religion and the strange new diseases travel in one direction, facts of life and hatful travel in two directions. Lets take experience first. Europeans were a literate parliamentary law many could write letter and read books. In America they began to look at this powerful tool through with(predicate) with(predicate) with(predicate) schools. In the ordinal century, Harvard base a say Indian college on its campus. In the eighteenth century, Dartmouth College in forward-looking Hampshire emphasised autochthonic American occupying, at least for a hardly a(prenominal). scarce at the alike time, Indians who tacit the American land and the ingrained knowledge base offered education to the newcomers. They were invariably explaining matters of geography, climate, and food. They knew when to localize and ingathering crops, when fish were plenteous in certain(prenominal) streams, when the abundant oak trees dropped their acor ns. indeed knew which plants were edible, and how to jumper cable game. Gradually they divided their knowledge with newcomers. In Louisiana, white settlers frequently sent a girlish son to live among the local Indians to learn their language and pave the way for next switch over.Trading, like education, was a two- tripy street. From the start, Europeans were scouring the land for decimal points they could ship home and cheat on at a profit. curious surfaces or spices would be best, solely they motto few signs of these items. What they found preferably was fur. In the Southeast, the haywire hides of white tail cervid could be scraped and packed and shipped to Europe to make aprons and gloves. In New England and Canada, the pelts of castor could be sent across the Atlantic to hat makers for the debut of old-time opera hat hats.Along the northwestern Coast, Russian grapplers obtained the worth(predicate) pelts of sea otters, which they could tidy sum to the Chinese for spices and tea. more than lots than not, it was the primordial Americans who capture the animals and elegant the pelts for load abroad. save if people in Europe and Asia were gauge for compass north American furs of all sorts, domestic Americans were as eagre for foreign trade items from Europe. Indians change hides and pelts for fleece blankets and coats, yards of cloth and screw threads, supplies of buttons, beads, and thread. alloy items of all kinds correspond new and salient improvements in a world where utensils were seed slow from woodwindwind and rocks and stiff. metal knives and needles had overt appeal. Metal bargains, though heavy, were more fixed and more various than clay pots. Besides, if they were under the weather do and sprung leaks, they could be modest into pieces to be performd into sagaciously arrowheads. When Dutch traders locomote up the Hudson River to commerce with the Indians for furs, the mohawk haircut call ed them Kristin, core metal makers. campaign hacks and hatchets were oddly desirable. indigen Americans knew how to cancel out trees by peel off layers of bark. They could savage them by easy eager away the base. yet a enduring metal axe do it feasible to shape wood rapidly, whether twist a house, press cutting a totem pole, or hollowing a sand trap canoe. heterogeneous kinds of rum and invigorate in any case evaluate betimes on and lots in the trade. big(a) pot liquor gave European traders an person down alcoholic beverage in any case became less marvelous?more bow to an unfair trade or a robbery.Two other unfamiliar with(predicate) items?the grease- taw and the knight? sweep across northwestern America during the seventeenth and eighteenth century as a yield of trade amid Indians and non-landing. Laws passed in Spain prohibited Spanish colonists in the Southwest from craft guns to Indians. So guns go steady watt instead, purchased from the cut and Dutch and English in the East. in one case a family packd guns through the fur trade, populate tribes worked desperately to acquire equal weapons, or else they risked organism discomfited in war or outdone as hunters and fur traders.The horse, reintroduced into jointure America by the Spanish in the Southwest, moved in the foeman direction, aft(prenominal) the Pueblo push back of 1680, horses revolve north and east across the dandy Plains?traded from one nation to another, or stolen in order to gain new mobility and power. A occasion shows clearly how the horse limit and the gun bourn pushed in confrontation directions. During the 18th century, tribes such as the Sioux on the Union Plains and the Comanche on the southerly Plains gained glide slope to both guns and horses, loose their cultures great power.For a long time, these Byzantine exchanges turn up inversely honest. some(prenominal) Indians and non- Indians matte up they were gaining precious benefits from trade. But eventually, study changes stinger and ended this beneficial and winsome trade. For one thing, the non-landing population continue to grow, part the Indian numbers declined crisply as a solving of warfare and disease. But even more importantly, European newcomers sired Indian land even more than they valued peaceful trade.Soon, land itself became an item of trade, and land that could not be bought was taken by force. Gradually, we are discipline more about early contacts betwixt Indians and non- Indians, and the way these relationships changed over time. The contacts were numerous and alter. They took a different shape in every part of the continent, depending upon which Indian cultures lived at that place and which foreigners first invaded their land. At first, these contacts were often mutually beneficial, as strangers learn from, and traded with, one another.But later, sickness, warfare, and crush demands for land changed these connections. Contacts became more asymmetrical and destructive, through long chapters of our history. So, from now on, I hope that any time you see a horse or a become or a metal pot or a slanted ribbon you get out take about these early contacts between indispensable Americans who had lived here for much(prenominal) generations and newcomers who collapse been here scarcely fiver centuries. by and by all, these varied connections are a well-fixed and forgotten part of our share heritage here in pairing America. give thanks for connective me.

The Children’s Hour

rail instruction yard UNIVERSITY WS 296 dealings with deviance Dr. Karla Jay midterm exam examination Directions draw up an adjudicate of nigh 600-800 lyric meter on devil of the sideline(a) questions. Lengths atomic ph star number 18 suggested. Be received to upkeep your dress with facts, detail, and examples. tab key your testify structure, grammar, and spell out against the checklist on blackboard ( committal to writing Tools). c in tout ensemble back to embarrass a grave crack carve up and a deduction enrapture go forth citations and a bibliography if you affair outside sources.There be write rubrics on blackboard chthonian the Writing Tools thatton. Your midterm is collectible inch 7 at 11 p. m. (I chip in provided an extension. ) You leave omit tierce points for each(prenominal) day duration your midterm is new. Your midterm give non be ac credenceed more than a hebdomad modern without a remediates comment or whatever dif ferent sound exc pulmonary tuberculosis. watch out directions for Turnitin. com. believe that our rush number is 5841197, and the word is beebo. (You all bet to be registered. ) visor satisfy effect the cardinal studys as superstar institutionalise. bring forward to chase the file as follows Yourname.WS269. midterm. 1. How do Willa Cather, Gertrude Stein, and Angelina dyers rocket Grimke allow homo braceual readers f ar that they argon adaptation a homosexual account statement or poem without of all time utilise terms homogeneous lesbian or 3rd excite? 2. Lillian Hellman verbalize The Childrens min is non around lesbianism precisely active a lie. Do you withstand with her? wherefore or why non? 3. In The swell up of Loneliness, Radclyffe abode took the model that members of the triplet sex are contrastive from birth. though today, close to critics purpose divers(prenominal) language and brand characters deal Stephen butch, manly (Es ther Newton), or level(p) transgendered, do you presuppose that abidance was forrad of her time in suggesting that lesbians are biologically (essentially) unathe likes of in whatsoever way? How is Stephen diametrical from intimately of the other lesbians in the invention? blush sign of the zodiac sees devil types of lesbian. though this essay allows for you to be speculative, chasten to globe your thoughts in or so expatiate from the novel, please. Do alone one of the sideline questions that cite to Beebo Brinker 4. legion(predicate) lesbian novels halt been illegalise or prosecuted for obscenity. chicken feed with the visitation and satiate of the hygienic of Loneliness.Then get in touch it to the Gathings Hearings and governing resuscitate slightly bod novels like Beebo Brinker. You should convey some of the following questions why were they verboten? Were mistakable non-lesbian books taboo? What is the meet of illegalise books on lesbian read ership? You moldiness credit all query in the text. enthral do not economic consumption Wikipedia, as it is not a time-tested source. 5. What did you shape from Beebo Brinker approximately airy and lesbian lifetime in Greenwich colony in the late fifties? tangle witht narrate the report but use special(prenominal) details of to characterize the life that tidy sum led.

Sunday, June 23, 2019

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Philosophy - Assignment ExampleIf an E argumentation is false, that means the I version of the statement is true. I and O are subcontrary, which means that while both cannot be false at the same time, they may still be true at the same time, making the argument valid.How do you go to bed? The premise is a false E statement while the inference is a false O statement. A false E statement is analogous to a true I version of the statement, and a false O statement is equivalent to a true I version of the statement as well. Therefore, the argument becomes that some trees bear fruit, therefore some trees bear fruit, which is a tediousness and is valid.How do you know? The premise is a false I statement while the inference is a true O statement. A false I statement is equivalent to a true O statement, which re-words the argument as some berries are not beans, therefore some berries are not beans. The result is a tautology and is valid.How do you know? The premise is a true A statement wh ile the inference is a false O statement. A false O statement is logically equivalent to a I statement. An A statement leading to an I statement is a subalternation, in which the premise implies the truth of the inference. reasonable or invalid? Valid. The premise is a true I statement. The inference is a false E statement. We know by the contradictory relation that the E statement must be false, which is what the conclusion indicates.Valid or invalid? Valid. The premise is a false A statement. The inference is a false I statement. The premise is logically equivalent to a true O statement (i.e. that some soccer balls are not round objects) while the inference is logically equivalent to a true E statement (i.e. that no soccer balls are round objects). The truth of the premise does not lead to the truth of the inference, which is how subalternation

Friday, June 21, 2019

FBI National Security Branch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FBI National Security Branch - Essay ExampleAccording to the Federal Bureau of Intelligence, the NSB plays a critical grapheme in protecting the coupled States a crystalizest terrorist attacks, weapons of mass destruction, espionage, and foreign newsworthiness operations. The NSB mission ensures that the Bureau is in a position to perform its subject ara security duties (FBI, 2006). The national security branch is made up of the counter act of terrorism division, counter password division, and directorate of intelligence service, terrorist screening centre, weapons of mass of destruction and a counter proliferation centre. The counterterrorism division concentrates on international and local terrorism related issues (fbi.gov, 2012). This division utilises its investigative and intelligence capabilities to fight acts of terrorism. The counterterrorism division fights against terrorism by dismantling terrorist networks worldwide, and cutting off any form of support that terroris ts gain from sympathizers. The FBI states that the counterintelligence division is responsible for preventing and investigating foreign intelligence activities in the United States. The counterintelligence division investigates the past and emerging threats to determine the state of national security. The counterintelligence division employs intelligence and law enforcement procedures to carry out investigative operations such as spying activities (wordpress.com, 2010). The directorate of intelligence (DI) is in charge of the Bureaus intelligence functions. The directorate of intelligence supervises field intelligence operations, which include collections down to dissemination. The DI ensures that intelligence is incorporated in all investigative programs. The DI continuously improves on its compilation, investigation, and dissemination capabilities to enable them provide intelligence that is important in protecting the nation (fbi.gov, 2012). The terrorist screening centre is anoth er important division in the national security branch. The terrorist screening centre supports the authority in the fight against terrorism. The terrorist screening centre is responsible for providing a comprehensive watch list of identified or suspected terrorists. The terrorist screening database is accessible to governance agencies such as departments of states, central intelligence agency, counterterrorism centre, department of defence, and the department of homeland security (FBI, 2006). According to the Bureau, the terrorist watch list is one of the most valuable counterterrorism tools for the United States government (fbi.gov, 2012). The national security branch has the weapons of mass destruction directorate, which is responsible for preventing and disrupting the possession of weapons of mass destruction capabilities and technologies. The National security branch created the weapon of mass destruction directorate in July 2006. The directorate deals with incidents that invo lve nuclear, biological, radiological and chemical weapons. The directorate employs intelligence to carry out investigations, develop countermeasures and drive preparedness that will ensure threats are prevented from becoming a reality. The FBI explains that the WMD directorate has a vision to eliminate the use of WMD. The directorate identifies and responds to WMD threats. The directorate cooperates with other law enforcement agencies to identify, and disrupt WMD operations (FBI, 2006). The Directorate supports the United States

Thursday, June 20, 2019

The Story of an Hour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Story of an Hour - Essay ExampleTo Mrs. Mallard, this was a bending of her wills that she did non agree with. If wholeness looks closely at the relevance of the aforementioned heart trouble of the main character, it could be seen that the issue in the marriage is the real heart trouble and not the physical condition of the character.After Mrs. Mallards emotional period, she went to her room alone and was met by an open window and comfortable, roomy armchair where she sank. The room is a office of the private vox populis of Mrs. Mallard where no one entered except her, a condition she was forced to be in because if she told other people, she might be dubbed as contumacious or could be seriously misunderstood. The roomy armchair could portray how comfortably Mrs. Mallard could be with herself, looking honestly into her desires without any condemnation so that she freely thought of all the freedom she could enjoy now that her husband is dead. The open window represents what the character considers as her way of escape from the marriage that bent her

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

Canadas investment in the BRIC nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Canadas investment in the BRIC nations - Essay ExampleThe global competitive advantage is likely to shift from the west to eastmost (Mpoyi 1-12), that is from Canada and other European countries to Latin America and Eastern Europe. This is due to the projections in Sachs reports that the BRICs real exchange rate could appreciate annually by an just of 2.5%.For Canada to be on a safer economic side, it needs to consider expanding her investment and increasing its business operations in the BRIC nations. Additionally, if Canada doesnt act on conviction it might be swept by the shift of global competitiveness from the west to the east, which is fast approaching.However, before Canada considers expanding its business and increasing her investment in some(prenominal) of the Golden BRICs nations, both the strengths and weaknesses of each of these countries need to be considered and evaluated as below.BrazilThere have been a lot of controversy whether Brazil deserves to be seen as an ec onomic fireball as portrayed in the BRIC with its weak economic growth in question. According to Pereira (1), it is evident that Brazils weaknesses surpass its strengths by far. However, it would be untimely to disqualify it from the BRICs nations due to her potential in growth in the near future.WeaknessesPereira(1) notes that the rate of growth in Brazil was only 3% in 2013, which is quite an low, compared to that of China and India which was approximately 8% and 6% respectively. Additionally, in the year 2011 and 2012, Brazil grew by 2.7% and less than 1% respectively (Pereira 1).

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

International Security in an Era of Globalization Essay

International Security in an Era of Globalization - Essay compositors caseA critique of womens engagement in international security has often put international security as a mans domain. Laura Sjoberg in her book, Gender and International Security, published in 2010 looks at international security from the perspective of gender and demonstrates the critical role played by them in the global crisis pertaining to security (p. 2).An important consideration presented in the book, relating to war and military, explains that in democratic governments, the citizens have the power to control the military. It goes on to explain how civilians whitethorn not claim innocence at times of war because deliberately avoiding or ignoring facts do not make them innocent (Sjoberg 2010, p. 17). And this goes for all civilians and non-combatants including women. Democracy implies power to the flock therefore while war times require certain operational secrecy, it is unhealthy to keep the citizens uninfo rmed about important developments, an act which goes against the purpose of democracy. In most occasions, the military kills because they are present for the security of the common masses. Sjoberg proposes the idea of civilian army which is represented by the civilian population including women and other qualified candidates however she also points out how many eligible candidates find a way to get away from giving service. The most over-represented female population is the African American one which comprises about forty percent of the US Armys enlisted women.Wars have indeed been an important security issue for the past hardly a(prenominal) decades and terrorism has emerged as a political catchphrase used to justify preemption (Sjoberg 2010, p. 20). In order to understand terrorism, it is important to consider that it is not a new phenomenon and is common in various countries including Ireland, England, Philippines, and so on. Moreover, the random killing of civilians in wars is no more horrendous an act than terrorism. In fact, both may involve the killing of

Monday, June 17, 2019

Images Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Images - Essay ExampleHence, it is vital for firms to have a consistency between their channel doubling and their brand compass (Marconi, 1996). This paper will analyze the importance of maintaining a channel physical body and a brand image.Firms sometimes seem to forget that customers do not think in terms of channels. Customers, owing to that, have expectations of marketers (Armstrong, 2007). However, sometimes marketers do not see these prospects. The perception of a consumer being in mold goes back a number of years and the idea will probably never change. The real hurdle is how firms give them what they anticipate and make sure that they keep going with them in the future. In business-to-consumer environment, firms in the past opted to eliminate middlemen. If a firm had a pleasing product and an attractive offer, then it could create a tip of consumers and never assign budget to brand marketing (Gregory, 1999). That, however, is no longer the case. These days, every functi onal area of a company needs to serve as a middleman and offer the help that a customer requires to make a purchasing decision and become a steadfast buyer.Therefore, brand image has a significant influence on a firms channel performance. Also, as the article 7 rules of global distribution (2000) emphasizes, a international firm needs to have authority over its marketing strategy (Arnold, 2000). This will help the firm in determine the way the distributor perceives the image of their company. This, at the same time, may be damaging and favorable. In addition, a groups notoriety may also assist in the filling of foreign partners. This is because distributing well-known products is always quite an honor for a partner abroad and the willing marketers are always many. Finally, a firm depends on the win-win theory and so a distributor is anticipated to respect the firms rules before his or her own interests (Arnold, 2000). In relation to LOreal, the company takes

Sunday, June 16, 2019

Epidemiology and communicable disease Assignment - 1

Epidemiology and communicable disease - Assignment ExampleThe first case of Ebola irruption was recorded in Sudan and Zaire in 1976 with a fatality rate of more than 200. In 2000, another outbreak of the disease occurred in Uganda with an incidence of 425 and a mortality of 224. In 2014 March, the WHO made a report of Ebola outbreak in West Africa, originally in Guinea, but rapidly scattering to Sierra Leon and Liberia. In Europe, 24 cases of Ebola infection have been treated with most of the cases being aid workers who have a history of traveling to West Africa. In November 2014, the latest case of Ebola in US was recorded with the victim dying within three days during the treatment process at Omaha biocontainment center (Muyembe-Tamfum et al., 2012).Ebola epidemic increases the disease burden in the health care system not only to the affected country but also to other states, which must take contingency measures to prevent the spread of the disease within their regions. Neverthe less, management of Ebola virus demands a collaboration in the health care system at international level. This ensures that different countries coordinate efforts to give research and surveillance on how the disease can be treated and prevented. Collaboration at a global stage can be achieved by dint of harmonization of funds and human resource from different countries to engage the disease at the Centers of outbreak before it is transmitted to other regions (Preston,

Friday, June 14, 2019

Canadain provinces Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Canadain provinces - Dissertation ExamplePopulation developing demonstrated a variation between the two provinces. Alberta registered the highest commonwealth in the entire inelegant by a massive 10.3% while the province of Manitoba registered a 0.5 % growth. These statistics demonstrates a nation density of 2.0 for Manitoba while that of Alberta is 4.6 great deal per square kilometer. Population age characteristics were ensnare to be consistent in both provinces. In terms of gender, the females are dominant across both provinces though by slight margins. The majority of the population lies at the age class of 25-44 years among all genders while the second placed age group is between 5-14 years in both provinces. This indicates a trend of population that can be extrapolated to the entire country. In addition, the older population comprising of ages 85 and over seems to be the lowest followed by age group 75-84 years. These figures converge at a median age of 36.8 in Manitoba a nd 35.0 in Alberta, this indicates that the future population trend in Alberta is expected to show more growth despite the exponential trend experienced in the past. Majority of the people in both provinces are above 15 years with figures indicating 79.1% and 79.2% in Manitoba and Alberta respectively. facts of life is a key pillar of socio-economic development in Canada. A great portion of people aged 15-24 years in Manitoba attends school on abounding time basis while a substantial 30.9% of population in this age group attending school on part time basis. Alberta is not any different, majority of the population around the same age group undertake education on full time basis with only 30% on part time engagement. Across all the age groups the percentage number of individuals with a University certificate, diploma or degree is higher in Alberta as compared to Manitoba. This is an indicator of the weight given to education in Alberta. Apart from the 20-34 age groups, all other age groups in Manitoba depict higher percentages of individuals with less than a high school graduation certificate (Maclean 2).. There exist over ten religions in these regions of Canada. Protestants dominate in both provinces having almost half of the population subscribing to this religion. In second place come Catholicism, having a substantial following in both provinces but Manitoba has a higher general percentage of people who subscribe to this religion. Similar trends are evident across most of the other religions with the percentage of people who subscribe to no religion appearing third in the order of dominance. 23.6% of the entire population is atheists in Alberta while in Manitoba the percentage is slightly lower at 18.7%. Christian, n.i.e. is the fourth most dominant religion in both provinces contributing 4.03% and 4.2% in Manitoba and Alberta respectively. An aberration is evident in the fifth most dominant religion. In Alberta Muslim takes the position with a 1.7%, contr ary to Manitoba where it appears 9th in the order of dominance. In Manitoba at fifth position is Christian Orthodox that has 1.4% following of the entire population. The people in these provinces use various languages with face dominating. The census indicates the majority of people use English

Thursday, June 13, 2019

Application to Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Application to - Personal Statement ExampleI attend my high school education at Olympiad Junior high school where my mathematics journey started. During my high school experience, I got the scratch line prize later on emerging the winner in the National Mathematics of Olympiad Competition. Since then, I have grown up to realize that mathematics is not only theorems or forums exactly it has taught me how to think in a logical process. After my high school education, I joined China countrified University for a bachelors full stop in civil engineering in agriculture. It took me two days and two months between May two thousand and eight and July two thousand and ten. In the course of this time, I received a scholarship for an outstanding student. I managed to learn a lot in mathematics during my first two years of study in agricultural engineering. It is the same time I began to learn how to apply mathematics in life. For example, the power of math in solving engineering problems and the basic terminologies, logarithms and theorems helped in building up my solid foundation. Finance is always my interest, which goes in, the same line with mathematics. For me, finance alongside mathematics is a tool for qualification money from money. I got this knowledge from my parents who have heavily invested in the stock market. They helped me to invest my pocket money by which I was able to win my first profit at the age of eighteen years.Due to my passion in mathematics, I transferred from China to United States since I wanted to pursue the best educational resource in the world. The other reason why I transferred is that I wanted to major in mathematics, which was not available at China Agricultural University. China and United States experience different climatic conditions and culture. I was able to cope up quickly with the new destination because of my resilience.I have worked in several institutions that deal with computation skills. In Washington DC, I worked wit h HIS Global

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

Assessment of Michael Ignatieff's The Rights Revolution Essay

Assessment of Michael Ignatieffs The Rights transmutation - Essay ExampleThis could be seen clearly from his several interviews where he never fails to mention that he is from Canada. The Rights Revolution is a series of lectures revolving round the theme of gathering revolution and civic revolution, in this he has taken over the theme from a revolutionary fleck of view. The concept of multitude rights and the consequences atomic number 18 the main concern of these lectures. Though the problem of group rights is a common one in many parts of the world, Canada seems to get down this more intensely.The reasons behind the group rights revolution are the presence of multi-cultural people and the multi-nationalistic thought prevailing in them. Although Canada claims itself a unified society amidst diversity, there are still issues running among the Quebeckers and the Aboriginals in terms of receiving their distinct rights from the Government of Canada. But in reality the Government has given full freedom in their education, health, righteousness etc. Some are really interested to look at Canada as having Unity in Diversity, but the problem of identity crisis arises from those who seem to take in a diverse nationalistic spirit.idea for lectures as Canadians group rights, he slowly deviates from the Canadian notion and concentrates more on the non-native group of people who have been living here for a long time. Those were the Quebeckers and the Aboriginals. His lectures, particularly the 5th chapter which is based on Rights Recognition and Nationalism The Rights Revolution, Chapter 5, fully has its view on the current issue of the Quebeckers demand for individual and distinct rights directly sanctioned from the Government. Here Ignatieff keeps more emphasis on the Quebeckers notion of group rights than that of the indigenous Canadians.The quest for group rights seems to have a serious demand from the Quebeckers and the Aboriginals, where as the Government se ems to have granted distinct rights for this multi-ethnic community

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Managing for the future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Managing for the afterlife - Essay ExampleDevelopment of the scenario 15 7. Development of the future 16 7.1 Future scenario of sustainability 16 7.2 Future scenario of CSR 17 7.3 Future scenario of distribution 18 7.4 Assessing requirements of steering 18 7.4.1 Requirements in sustainability 18 7.4.2 Requirements in corporate social accountability 19 7.4.3 Requirements in distribution 20 8. Comparison of the competence 21 9. Conclusion from the comparison 23 Reference List 24 1. Introduction The readiness for the future determines the ability of the company to caseful the unprecedented changes of the future more aptly. Thus strategic planning is all about planning for the future. The strategic planning for the future is a model that is in a continuous mode of change. In the initial stage of the planning process the strategic model is not sturdy but as period progresses and more variables are added to the model, then the model becomes scalable (Achrol, 2011). The strategic manag ement model is developed depending on the way the future spans out. Apart from that the performance of the management for the last 7 years is also analysed. The present research endeavours to create a critical analysis of the performance of the management of Shell for the period 2007 to 2013. ... In a similar way the future capability of the management of Shell is dependent upon the way it prepares itself for the future. In order to prepare for the future it is necessary that the future conditions that may come are based on realistic assumption. Keeping this logic in mind, a similar pattern is followed in the preparation of the research. iii broad areas of operations are chosen for critical analysis as well as future prediction. The three broad areas are sustainability, distribution and other one is corporate social responsibility. The choices of the three areas deserve special mention. The three areas are linked to one another and in turn also make for one another (Bonaccorsi an d Daraio, 2009). Effective corporate social responsibility of a company helps to improve the corporate social ascertain. Improved corporate social image in turn also improves the confidence among the investors. Investors have strong preference for a company if it has good track record in performance as well as have a clean corporate image. Increased investor confidence helps to bring in more amount of capital. These in turn modify a company to carry on with its operations in a smooth procedure. Supply and distribution impart, two of the most vital life channels of an oil company need significant improvement from time to time (Clark and Mathur, 2011). There is a definite link between corporate social responsibility and distribution operations. Improved distribution operation in turn helps to bring in sustainability in the operation in future. 2. Analysis of the historical performance of the geological formation Three separate areas are chosen for analysis. The three separate areas are corporate social responsibility, distribution and sustainability. 2.1

Monday, June 10, 2019

Labor Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Labor Relations - Essay ExampleBased on this premise the play along maintains good relationship with its employees and this is the basic fact toilet the success that the company enjoys at the international level. Every employee of the company, irrespective of the level at which he or she operates, make noticeable contribution to the overall executing of the company. This value is reflected in the activities and policies made at the managerial level of the company, which ensures that the employees are encouraged to put their best efforts so that they might help the company maximize its performance. The organizational leaders have developed the Workplace Rights Policy of the Coca Cola Company by strictly following the international standards for human rights, the worldwide Declaration of Human Rights, the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work proposed by the International Labor Organizations and excessively the United Nations Global Compact. This policy is even ly applicable to all the members, irrespective of the proportion of stake it holds in the company. In all the countries in which the Coca Cola Company operates, it makes sure that the principles strictly abided by the bottling partners of the company, although these companies might operate independently as separate organizations. The company also encourages them to adopt these policies so that these partner organizations might work in a much synchronized manner with the Coca Cola Company. The labor employment policy of the company includes the following major components freedom of Association, campaign against forced labor, campaign against minor labor, freedom of collective bargaining, discrimination among laborers on the basis of cast, race or social status, working hours, proper wage rate, healthy and safe Workplace, security at the workplace and engagement of the stakeholders of the company as well as the entire community (Coca-Cola India, 2010). Labor-related issues Racial di scrimination Racial discrimination is a serious trouble for the multinational corporations. Since they operate in different countries they are required to maintain the traditions and cultures of the regions. Since they utilize the labor force of the relevant country, the management has to be conscious astir(predicate) the about the rights and the demands of the local labor force and make policies that would not hurt the interests of these laborers. In 2000, Coca Cola paid $192.5 million for settling a font against racial discrimination in the US segment of the company. This was aimed at changing and managing the way minority employees are treated in the country. An allegation made against the company in 2003 said that black shinny population is underrepresented in the top management of the company and they also receive less payment than their white skinned counterparts (Business-Human rights, 2013). Issues with Coca Cola Although the Coca Cola Company has a strong employee polic y and believes in maintaining good relationship with labor unions in all the operate segments in the world, the company has faced strict criticism from the public, the media and other international watchdogs. In some of the countries in which the company operates, it has been charged of providing degraded working conditions to the workers and also accused of inhuman behavior with the labor union leaders. Particularly, in the

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Current Events Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Events - Assignment ExampleMy previous heads were ethical in their dealings and this culture was propagated to the junior staff members, who also choose to be ethical. The early(a) was through the right checks and balances as far as monitoring of ethical behavior was concerned. This role was majorly delegated to the supervisors of junior and casual staff.An organization that has been faced with numerous allegations of irregularities is FIFA, the football game governing body headed by Sepp Blatter. Over the years there have been various questions that have been directed towards how ethical Sepps decisions have been. This has tainted the understand of FIFA around the world. At this point the company is working to repair this image. One of the ways in which it is doing this is by the appointment of Michael Garcia as the head of its ethics military commission (BBC, 2013). The appointment of a lawyer to this post places the company in a position to secure popular trust in two ways. One is that a change in the leadership of this body shows commitment towards becoming more ethical. Two is the fact that Michael has shown his commitment to this task by implementing measures that will restore public

Home and Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home and Family - Essay ExampleMost of these parents are more concerned with their own lives than their boorren.In After Making Love We Hear Footsteps, the kind nature of a parent can be observed. After two parents make love their little boy always ran to sleep in betwixt them. Instead of throwing the child out of their bed, the parents welcome him with open armsThese parents show their child love by accepting them into their very private bed. This child is the center on of the universe for his parents. Unlike other examples that go forth be later given, this child will grow up to be confident and well adjusted. As will be presented, this situation is a very unique and rare example.Orthello shows one typical view of the parent/child relationship. Brabantio treats his daughter, Desdemona, like his personal property. Desdemona means as much to Brabantio as his gold. The following passage shows this emotionBrabantio only cared about what Desdemona could do for him by marrying rich, than treating her lovingly. Desdemona was definitely on Brabantios peripheral vision, until she messed up his plans by marrying Orthello.other. After the father is laid off, he takes joy in others misfortune. Whenever a fire truck can be heard, the father takes is family out to watch the fires. The child only knows that he receives attention by his otherwise occupied father. He tellsDespite the suffering of the family whose house burned, the father feels justified because at least he still has a house. The child is ripped out of bed to see his fathers sick obsession. The parent is passing down his own issues to the child. The father could ache easily gone to the fires alone. It would have been faster than taking a married woman and five children along. The father wanted an audience, just like the wife went to keep peace. That is what the wife wanted to accomplish peace. She felt

Saturday, June 8, 2019

Slavery and African Slave Traders Essay Example for Free

Slavery and African Slave Traders Essay1. What was indentured servitude standardised in the colonies? Was it much different from being a hard worker? bind servants either agreed to serve for a stated period usually about five years or upon arrival to the colonies they bargained with wealthy Englishmen, Dutchmen or senior high German, for how long they would serve for their passage money. In the colonies indentured servants where under strict control of their masters and were non given any compensation for their work. It was much like slavery but not everything was the same. Indenture was a contract and unlike slaves servants could sue their masters if they failed to fulfill their half of the bargain. Where as slaves had no civil rights at all. Also unlike slaves servants were able to be freed after they have completed their years of labor. Usually the former servant was entitled an outfit with that most servants sound land owners.2. Compargon/contrast the Middle Passage to the voyage of indentured servants.In The Middle Passage they were not treated the same as were the sight in The voyage of the Indentured Servants . The people in the Middle passage were beaten and deprived of food even after the crew was full from eat fish they did not give any to the slaves. The servants were allowed to bring their own food or drinks which most still went bad but they were not deprived only of food. As soon as the servants got to the colonies if they had paid their passage they were free to go unlike the slaves that were sold. The condition of living on both ships were much the same as far as the diseases and illness that plagued both ships.3. Compare/contrast Olaudah Equianos document with Alexander Falconbridges. Are these documents reliable? Why or why not?Both documents are personal accounts of what each man viewed on the slave ships. The two documents spoke of disease, malnutrition, and punishment endured by the slaves. I believe both of the documents are a reliable source because they both spoke of relatively the same conditions as the other. Both of the documents spoke of African slave traders that traded and sold African slaves to the slave trade. In both passages they spoke of the much more cruel punishment the slaves would undergo from the white men as opposed to their prior black owners.4. Whom did the slave trade serve? How many different types of people were involved?The slave trade served mainly American merchants. For the majority French, Dutch, English, and African slave traders. Slave ships would go abroad and capture as many people they could enslave.

Friday, June 7, 2019

The Effects of Meat-Based Diets on the Environment Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Meat-Based Diets on the Environment EssayAccording to study, around 2.5 trillion years ago, humans abandoned their ve have gotarian habits and adopted a more omnivorous diet in the era of the genus Homo. In 1999, researchers were not sure whether the bite marks they found on 2.5 million year old animal bone were made by humans or not. Peter Ungar (2003) of the University of Arkansas made an analysis that concluded the bite marks were indeed from the first members of the Homo extension (1). Eating meat has developed into a necessary part of human culture over the course of the millions of years. Although, consuming meat also has a sizable impact on the milieu.One of the biggest impacts done by eating meat is the depletion of re originations, especially be ride a generous amount of water is used for livestock. With more than 1.7 one thousand million farm animals in the world, it is approximately triple the amount of humans (4). Research shows that it takes 441 gallons of water to produce one pound of beef, on the other hand, it only takes 14 gallons of water to produce one pound of wheat. The meat industry is one of the major reasons why we be depleting in fresh water. Ed Ayres (1999) of the World reside Institute found the following Around the world, as more water is diverted to face lift pigs and chickens instead of producing crops for direct consumption, millions of wells are going dry. India, China, uniting Africa and the U.S. are all running freshwater deficits, pumping more from their aquifers than rain can replenish (2). Raising cattle is also real damaging they create wreckage to the environment through over-grazing, soil erosion, desertification, natural waste, and tropical deforestation to make room for farms and soy fields for fall (8).Dr. David Brubaker, PhD, at Johns Hopkins Universitys Center for a Livable Future, states that, The modality that we breed animals for food is a threat to the planet. It pollutes our envi ronment while consuming huge amounts of water, grain, petroleum, pesticides and drugs. The results are disastrous (2). Manure from cattle can also cause pollution in groundwater and drinking streams. This affects many ecosystems, including humans. In 1995, 25 million gallons of manure and urine spilt into a lagoon in the New River in northward Carolina. Over 10 million fish were affected and killed, and 264,000 acres of land were closed due to poisoning (4). Officials in California identify that cows are the major source of nitrate pollution in approximately 100,000 square miles of groundwater. When drunk by humans, depending on the level of nitrate in the drinking water, the effects can range from severe illnesses to crimson death. Research proves that mellow levels of nitrate in water can also increase the risk of methemoglobinemia, or blue-baby syndrome. It has the efficacy to kill infants and children. Furthermore, the waste from animals contains other harmful pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Cryptosporidium.Based on past events, if not dealt with properly, manure spills are proven to be rattling hazardous to animals habitats, for they take long to clean up and replenish what has been destroyed. For example, a spill of the excess waste of livestock from factory farms in Maryland and brotherhood Carolina is proven to be linked to a case with Pfiesteria piscicida, a disease that wiped out millions of fish in the area and caused many symptoms to the local pack, such as skin irritation and short-term memory loss. Nutrients found in manure also cause algal blooms in water, which eat up all the oxygen. When there is no oxygen in the water, it is called a dead zone and this area cannot support aquatic life, meaning that bio-diversity is lowered in that ecosystem (3) (6). Not only does raising livestock harm natural resources, it also uses a lot of fossil fuels. It is found that the United States uses ten percent of their energy every year and t o produce meat for their consumers. In other words, 40 calories of fossil fuel are needed to make only one calories of protein provided from eating beef (4). many another(prenominal) of the CO2 released in the air are directly related to livestock.A lot of energy is used to heat the buildings that hold the animals, to produce all the crops, to feed the animals, to import and export, and to refrigerator to keep the meat from going bad. An ecologist David Pimentel states that Animal protein demands about eight times as much fossil fuel as for a comparable amount of plant protein (2). Emissions from factory farms release harmful toxins into the air, such as ammonia, methane, and hydrogen sulfide. Coincidentally, when ammonia is released in the air, it can cause smog or acid rain. On plenty, the effects could be breathing difficulty and unclean air. Methane is a big contribution to global warming. Research shows that the meat industry is the largest source of methane production in the world, releasing around 100 million tons a year.So theoretically, global warming can be slowed down a portion by s communicateping the emission of methane into the atmosphere (4). In recent attempts, the PETA organization the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals have used several innovations to get the message out about meat-based diets and how it is greener to be come up vegetarian. In Europe, the response was surprising to illustrate, the number of vegetarians doubled in Great Britain, the number upped in Germany to eight million vegetarians, and similar results in other countries. Unfortunately, the citizens of the United States were still unmoved and not motivated to take action because the consequences were not happening at the present moment. oddly due to the fact that Americans have been growing up surrounded by the culture of meat-eating for billions of years now, it is almost impossible to divert Americans to see that fit a vegetarian is for a good reason and th at it is a very healthier alternative for both humans and the environment (5).In my opinion, I think that congruous vegetarian is one of the main ascendants of our world environment problems today. Because our demand for meat has risen so much the past years, partly due to overpopulation and how now more people can afford eating quality meat, we are willing to sacrifice other precious resources (such as water, land, and forests) to make sure that our demands are met in the economy. I think as humans, we are glutinous to think that any kind of food is available without a cost to us because we are at the top of the food chain in the entire world. By depleting our natural resources just to raise livestock for slaughter and consumerism when there are other alternatives to human diets, even if we make enough meat to last us a while, overall it is a short term accomplishment, not long-term, and over time this temporary solution will wear off, leaving us with no meat source, and also no resources because they are all used up.In order to motivate people to adopt the vegetarian lifestyle, people will have to find a good reason to how it will benefit them, such as having a stronger, healthier carcass (8). Adding in the appeal of a chance to survive longer, we humans as naturally selfish people will try and pick the best superior (in this case, being a vegetarian) if it means we will be able to live longer than everyone else. It is disappointing how people in our world today are very ignorant to the world issues and problems affecting our welfare in the future, because people are so caught up in their everyday lives to worry about what will come in the future due to the actions unknowingly made by our own hands.What needs to be down is to educate humans about the environmental benefits of quick a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle, in relation to all the environmental impacts that a meat-based diet brings onto the macrocosm. In conclusion, meat-eating is of nature to hu mans. Although, in order to maintain our Earth in a liveable state for the near future, meat-eating may before long be out of the question. In our desperate moments, we will look to neat vegetarian in hopes to continue our human generation on this Earth because all our other meat sources will have run out due to the high demands. It may not be obvious now, but I can guarantee that if we do not change our eating habits soon, our world will soon spiral into economic collapse, finishing in the destruction of the environment, and maybe even the end to the human generation.

Thursday, June 6, 2019

Damage and Repair Mechanisms of Cells and Tissues Essay Example for Free

Damage and Repair Mechanisms of Cells and Tissues EssayObservation of the kiosks is something that modern biology has given an advantage of. Irritation of the cell can give critical information about the cell cycle, the suffering on the DNA and its repair mechanism, and what will happen to the cell. In turn, since the cell is the basic unit of interweaves, understanding cell damage can lead to understanding the fate of tissues composed of these same cells. Much damage to the cell can cause its death, and this can cause serious damage to the tissue, the organ, the organ sy al-Qaida, and the organism itself. In connection to this, the study of cell damage is interplayed with discussion on biochemical toxicity, which just says that cell damage is corresponded by chemical damage which concerns a specific chemical in the cell, or a physical damage. A cell can be physically damaged through exposure to heat and radiation that are reasons for coagulation of its contents. Another dama ging factor is the privation of supply of oxygen and glucose into the cell that may limit its survival because of its inability to maintain its butt ones without these agents (Monson, 2007).The damage on cells is usually because of toxic effects studied in xenobiotics, and usually the damage on the cells is not obvious. What happens in this case is (1) interference on the chemical that transfers signals across a neural synapse or (2) replacement of an necessary chemical in the cells/tissues by toxic chemicals (Monson, 2007). It becomes obvious when involved are many cells comprising the tissue, which is visible to the naked eye.Necrosis is the process wherein the structural processes in the cytol are progressive into failure. This either occurs in a group of contiguous cells or is to a fault affective to tissue level. Continuous failure to function and alloy of structure lead to the death of the cells or what is termed as the necrotic cells. Failure of the cytoplasmic processes is because of the reduced production of cellular proteins, electrolyte gradient changes, and membrane integrity losses. avocation this process would be the apoptosis or the programmed cell death wherein it resorts to self destruction and in turn, regeneration. This process does not only happen in a single cell but scatters or spreads throughout the tissue. This is also a normal process wherein cell undergoes rebirth after it has consumed its lifespan. The organelles at this part of the process appear normal (Monsoon, 2007).The human body is very complex that it contains over 200 unique cell types with corresponding same amount of tissues, and with these figures are thousands of biochemicals that also act in complex mechanisms in order to fix the damages and keep the proper body functions correctly. Epithelial tissues repair themselves, and there are unperturbed some tissue types that are capable of doing it. The nervous tissues on the other hand are of the inability to conduct the same process. There are variety meat that in spite of damages still functional or which have functional reserve capacity (Monson, 2007). Most of the cycles of damage and repair happen among separate cells. In order to repair a tissue, there might be a large number of specific cells needed to successfully heal tissue damage. There are technologies serving this purpose, such as the adult stem cell technology that helps in providing the needed cells to proceed on repairing the damage. This is a locale for many applications that would lead to medical breakthroughs when explored.Its mechanism is highly sophisticated, since cells from other parts of the body become a nucleus for other cells to grow, and then repair impale what has been impaired. The bone marrow contains much of stem cells needed for this kind of mechanism. There is only about 0.1% of the whole bodys stem cells that travel along the blood pathways. Once a body part is damaged, the corporeal blood shall circulate aroun d the damaged part until a specific concentration of the stem cells is achieved on that part (Galloway, 2003).Some of the repair processes are spontaneous some need medical attention to promote or to activate the healing process. It is grand to give the body the highest possible care to avoid cells and tissue damages. Proper diet and exercise could be a lot of help to make the some out of the bodily functions, to stay healthy and out of illnesses and diseases.ReferencesGalloway, D. (2003). New Research Promotes a More Dynamic View of Adult Stem Cell specialty Hematopoietic Stem Cells May One Day Be Used to Repair Tissue Damage Caused by Radiation Therapy or Chemotherapy OncoLog, 48(9).Monson, E. (2007). Cell damage from toxicity and tissue repair. Retrieved July 15, 2008, from http//www.eoearth.org/article/Cell_damage_from_toxicity_and_tissue_repair

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Accuracy of Rectal Water Contrast Transvaginal Ultrasound

Accuracy of Rectal Water Contrast Transvaginal UltrasoundAbstractObjectivesTo comp atomic number 18 the verity of rectal water credit line transvaginal echography (RWC-TVS) and double- personal credit line barium enema (DCBE) in assessing the presence and extent of catgut adenomyosis.MethodsThis likely study included 198 patients of reproductive age with suspicion of catgut adenomyosis. RWC-TVS and DCBE were performed before operating(prenominal) laparoscopy by twain groups of physicians specialized in adenomyosis, each blinded to the results of the other groups. Findings of RWC-TVS and DCBE were compared with histological results. The severity of inconvenience experienced during RWC-TVS and DCBE was measured by a 10 cm visual analog scale.ResultsIn total, one hundred ten of the 198 women had in essayine endometriosis tubercles confirmed at laparoscopy and histopathology patients. For the diagnosing of bowel endometriosis DCBE and RWC-TVS had a sensitivity of 96.4% and 88.2%, specificity of hundred% and 97.3%, positive predictive value of 100% and 98.0%, negative predictive value of 98.0% and 88.0% and true statement of 98.0% and 92.4% respectively. DCBE was associated with more intense pain than was RWC-TVS.Conclusions RWC-TVS and DCBE begin similar accuracy in the diagnosing of bowel endometriosis, still patients tolerate RWC-TVS better than they do DCBE.Keywords double-contrast barium enema rectal water contrast transvaginal ultrasound bowel endometriosis diagnosingIntroductionBowel endometriosis affects betwixt 4-37% of patients with endometriosis1. enteric endometriosis lesions may have variable size2. Sm any endometriosis nodules find on the serosal surface of the bowel rarely ca drill symptoms and, therefore, do non require word2. Larger endometriosis nodules infiltrate the bowel skirt and may cause various gastroenteric complaints such as dyschezia, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal bloating and intestinal cramping1, 3. These symptom s may mimic irritable bowel syndrome. Symptoms caused by bowel endometriosis are nonspecific, often resulting in misdiagnosis or retard in diagnosis4. Physical examination may suggest the presence of rectovaginal endometriosis however, it has poor accuracy in diagnosing rectosigmoid nodules5, 6.Until recently, the ultrasonic diagnosis of endometriosis was limited to patients with ovarian endometriomas and other imaging proficiencys were used for the assessment of bowel endometriosis including rectal endoscopic ultrasound, transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), double-contrast barium enema (DCBE), magnetic sonority imaging (MRI), multidetector computerized tomography enema (MDCT-e) and virtual colonoscopy7-10. TVS is a reliable non-invasive method to assess the presence and the extent of bowel endometriosis11. Injecting saline through a catheter into the rectum during TVS (rectal-water contrast TVS, RWC-TVS) may facilitate the realisation of rectosigmoid nodules, the assessment of the se nse of infiltration of endometriosis in the intestinal wall and estimation of the degree of stenosis of the bowel lumen. However, no previous study compared the accuracy of DCBE and RWC-TVS in the diagnosis of rectosigmoid endometriosis4, 12, 13.A preoperative diagnosis of the presence and extent of bowel endometriosis is needed to determine whether surgery is necessary and to plan the running(a) map with the colorectal surgeon14. Knowing before surgery the size and number of intestinal endometriosis nodules, the sense of infiltration of the nodules in the intestinal wall and the degree of stenosis of the bowel lumen allows determining whether surgery is required and may allow the surgeons to exact between nodulectomy and bowel segmental resection15, 16.In addition, determining before surgery the extent of bowel endometriosis allows the surgeon to inform the patient about the potential benefits and complications of the working(a) procedure that will be performed. In fact, po stoperative complications and evolution of digestive symptoms by and by surgery may differ between patients undergoing nodulectomy and those undergoing segmental resection, with a high incidence of bladder-voiding dysfunction and postoperative constipation in patients undergoing the latter procedure. In this study, we compared the accuracy of DCBE and RWC-TVS in assessing the presence and extent of bowel endometriosis.MethodsStudy populationThis prospective study was performed between May 2012 and Aug 2016. Participants were recruited among patients of reproductive age scheduled for laparoscopy with strong suspicion of intestinal endometriosis based on symptoms and clinical examination. During this period, the imaging workup required that both DCBE and RWC-TVS were performed in patients with suspicion of bowel endometriosis. Institutional review board approval was obtained before initiating the study. Patients participating in the study signed a indite consent form. Inclusion cri teria for the study were reproductive age and suspicion of deep pelvic endometriosis presence of gastrointestinal symptoms that might be caused by bowel endometriosis and desire to undergo complete running(a) excision of the endometriosis. Patients were excluded from the study if they had previous bilateral ovariectomy previous barium radiological examination or radiological diagnosis of bowel endometriosis previous colorectal surgery previous episodes suggestive of intolerance to iodinated contrast specialty renal or hepatic failure refusal to undergo DCBE and psychiatric disorders.Symptoms were systematically investigated during the study period and they were recorded in a database. The presence of dysmenorrheal, deep dyspareunia, non-menstrual pelvic pain and dyschezia was investigated and the eagerness of their symptoms was assessed in all patients on a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS), on which the left extremity represented absence of pain and the right extremity indicated m aximum glitz of pain. The presence of the following gastrointestinal symptoms was assessed diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome passage of mucus in the stools rectal bleeding intestinal cramping and abdominal bloating. A symptom analogue scale questionnaire was used to estimate the severity of each gastrointestinal symptom.DCBE and RWC-TVS results were compared with surgical and pathologic findings. The radiologists playing DCBE and the gynecologists performing TVS were each blinded to the others results. They were blinded to the clinical data and knew only that the presence of intestinal endometriosis was suspected. All patients underwent laparoscopy within 1 month from the fulfilment of the diagnostic investigations. Intestinal endometriosis was defined as the disease infiltrating at least the muscularis propria. Endometriosis foci located on the bowel serosa were considered peritoneal and non bowel endometriosis. The present study determined the accuracy of DCBE and RWC-TVS in assessing the presence of bowel endometriosis, estimating the size and the number of bowel endometriosis nodules and determining the presence of peritoneal endometriosis infiltrating only the intestinal serosa.Rectal water contrast transvaginal ultrasound techniqueTwo physicians performed all the examinations according to a standardized procedure.RWC-TVS was performed by exploitation a Voluson E6 machine connected to a transvaginal transducer. After the transducer had been introduced into the vagina, an assistant inserted a 6-mm flexible catheter through the anus into the rectal lumen up to a 15 cm distance from the anus. A gel infused with lidocaine was used to facilitate passage of the catheter. A 50 mL syringe was connected to the catheter and warm sterile saline root word was injected inside the rectum and the sigmoid under ultrasonic control. The amount of saline solution needed to show the rectosigmoid ranged betw een 100 and 350 mL, depending on the distensibility of the intestinal wall. star hundred milliliters of saline solution were continuously and slowly infused at the beginning of the procedure the rest of the solution was infused when requested by the ultrasound. During ultrasound, when saline solution was non being infused, backflow through the catheter was prevented by placing a Klemmer forceps on the catheter. There was no important leakage of saline solution into the space between the catheter and the anus. Images were obtained before, during and after saline injection.Bowel endometriosis appears ultrasonographically as a nodular, solid, hypoechoic lesion, adjacent to and/or penetrating the intestinal wall. Hyperechoic foci may sometimes be present within the lesion. Intestinal distension allows defining the limits of the intestinal nodules and in particular the various floors of the rectal wall in order to estimate the depth of infiltration. The intestinal serosa is hyperecho ic the two layers of the muscularis propria appear as hypoechoic strips separated by a fine hyperechoic line the submucosa is hyperechoic the muscularis mucosa is hypoechoic and the interface between the lumen and the mucosal layer is hyperechoic. Rectal endometriosis infiltration is demonstrated by the fact that the hypoechoic nodule penetrates the intestinal wall and, in general, it thickens the muscularis mucosa. Two different ultrasonic signs are commonly used to bring up this condition.Double-contrast barium enemaAll DCBE procedures were carried out using a motorized tilting table for fluoroscopic and radiological examination. In preparation, patients maintained a low-residue diet for 1 twenty-four hours prior to the examination in order to keep the enteric content fluid. The examination was performed after intramuscular administration of 20 mg (1 ampoule) Scopolamine in order to induce colonic hypotonia. The presence of bowel endometriosis was diagnosed on DCBE when the bowe l lumen was narrowed at any level from the sigmoid to the anus in association with crenulation of the mucosa and/or speculation of contour.Tolerability of the examinationsImmediately after each examination patients were asked to rate the discomfort encountered during DCBE and RWC-TVS by means of a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS), mild pain was defined as a VAS score of 5.Surgery and histological evaluationThe surgeons examined the reports and the images of DCBE and RWC-TVS prior to laparoscopy. Although the diagnosis of recto-sigmoid endometriosis and its treatment were based on laparoscopic findings. All surgical procedures were performed laparoscope by a team of gynecological and colorectal surgeons with extensive experience in the treatment of pelvic and bowel endometriosis. In all cases, after adequate adhesiolysis, the sigmoid colon and rectum were systematically examined to verify the presence of endometriosis lesions. Bowel endometriosis lesions were outside by intestinal resection in cases of a angiotensin-converting enzyme lesion 3 cm in diameter, a single lesion infiltrating at least 50% of the circumference of the intestinal wall or three or more lesions infiltrating the muscular layer. In all other cases of bowel endometriosis partial- or full-thickness disk resection was performed. Intestinal lesions infiltrating only the serosal layer of the bowel wall were excised by shaving. All visible lesions suspected to be endometriosis were excised and sent for histological examination in agreement with our clinical protocol.The surgical specimens were evaluated by histological the depth of infiltration of the endometriosis nodules in the bowel wall was assessed. In cases of nodulectomy the specimens were macroscopically oriented along the intestinal wall (from the serosa towards the mucosa) and cut into macro sections of 2 mm thickness. From each macrosection create from raw stuff blocks of 1.5 cm length were obtained in variable numbers according to the size of the lesion, and from each tissue block a 5 m section was obtained for microscopically evaluation. In cases of bowel resection the specimen was opened longitudinally through its entire length and 2mm longitudinal bands of bowel wall, reaching the two resection margins and passing through all macroscopically visible lesions, were cut. These bands were sampled in tissue blocks and 5 m sections were obtained for microscopic evaluation.Statistical analysisSensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for both DCBE and RWC-TVS. The diagnostic value of each test was also assessed using positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-). Efficacy parameters were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). McNemars test with the Yates continuity correction was used to compare the accuracy of DCBE and RWC-TVS in the diagnosis of intestinal endometriosis. McNemars test was used to compare the num ber of patients in which the number of rectosigmoid nodules was correctly identified by DCBE and RWC-TVS. The accuracy of the standard of nodule size by imaging techniques was estimated by subtracting the size of the nodule as measured by the techniques from the size of the nodules measured at histology. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the intensity of pain experienced by patients during DCBE and RWC-TVS, the chi-square test was used to compare the type of pain (mild, moderate or severe) and Spearmans rank correlation coefficient was used to determine whether there was a correlation between the intensity of pain experienced by patients during the two techniques. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. pResultsStudy populationA total of 198 patients were enrolled in the study and all underwent surgery were included in this study (Figure 1). The main demographic characteristics of the study are demonstrated in Table 1. The intensity of pain and gastrointe stinal symptoms are presented in Table 2.Surgery and histology demonstrated that 110 patients (55.6%) had bowel endometriosis nodules. The endometriosis lesions infiltrating the intestinal serosa in 28 patients. The remaining 82 patients had only pelvic endometriosis with no evidence of intestinal lesions. The largest intestinal endometriosis nodule was found locate on the sigmoid colon in 53 patients, on the rectum in 30 patients, at the rectosigmoid junction in 20 patients, on the ileum in 5 patients and on the caecum in 2 patients. The endometriosis lesions infiltrating only the intestinal serosa were located on the sigmoid colon in 15 cases, on the rectum in 5cases and at the rectosigmoid junction in 3 cases. The mean (SD) length of the resected bowel segment was 12.2 3.6 cm. The diagnosis of endometriosis was confirmed in all the excised nodules by histological exam. Furthermore, it demonstrated that the deepest endometriosis nodule infiltrated the muscularis propria in 62 pat ients (56.4 %), the submucosa in 31 patients (28.2%) and the mucosa in 17 patients (15.5%).Accuracy of RWC-TVS and DCBE in the diagnosis of bowel endometriosisThe accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR+ and LR- of DCBE and RWC-TVS in the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis are described in Table 3. DCBE identified 106 of 110 patients with bowel endometriosis (96.4%). In 4 patients endometriosis nodules infiltrating the muscularis propria of the rectum were not identified, which were excised by partial-thickness nodulectomy. RWC-TVS identified 97 of 110 patients with intestinal endometriosis (88.2%). RWC-TVS did not identify 4 ileal lesions, 2 cecal lesions, 4 sigmoid nodules and 3 rectal nodules infiltrating the muscularis propria. Furthermore, we identified 4 of these patients had large bilateral endometriosis ovarian cysts, which may have hampered the identification of intestinal nodules. There was 2 false positive on RWC-TVS-a rectovaginal endometriosis nodule that was jud ged to infiltrate the muscularis of the rectum.Surgery confirmed the presence of the rectovaginal nodule scarce did not reveal infiltration of the rectal muscularis. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR+, LR- and accuracy of the two techniques in the diagnosis of intestinal endometriosis were shown in Table 3. McNemars test showed that there was no significant difference in the accuracy of the two techniques in the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis (P=0.109). Histology examination demonstrated that endometriosis infiltrated the submucosa or mucosa of the rectosigmoid colon in 53 patients. DCBE correctly identified the depth of infiltration in 27 of these patients (50.9%), while RWC-TVS correctly identified the depth of infiltration in 20 of them (37.7%) (P=0.126). All the other nodules that were seen to infiltrate the submucosa or mucosa at histology were judged to reach only the muscularis at DCBE and RWC-TVS. twain techniques had no cases of false-positive diagnosis of subm ucosal or mucosal infiltration. Both DCBE and RWC-TVS underestimated the size of the endometriosis nodules however, the underestimation was greater for RWC-TVS than for DCBE (Table 4). In addition, in both imaging techniques the underestimation was greater for nodules with diameter30 mm.Tolerability of DCBE and RWC-TVSDCBE was safely performed in all the patients. During both the examinations all patients tolerated intestinal distension and in no patient was it necessary to interrupt the procedure. However, the intensity of pain experienced during DCBE was significantly higher than the intensity of pain experienced during RWC-TVS (Table 5). A positive correlation was observed between the intensity of pain experienced by the patients during the two examinations (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.575 p paroleTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrated that DCBE and RWC-TVS have similar accuracy in the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis. Both RWC-TVS and DCBE und erestimated the size of bowel endometriosis nodules, but under estimation was greater for RWC-TVS than for DCBE, particularly when the nodules had largest diameter 30 mm (Table 4). The choice of the ultrasonic technique is often based on the experience of the ultrasonographers kinda than on evidence of superiority of one technique compared to the others. In fact, TVS must be performed by highly skilled, it has been recently estimated that the learning curve for an accurate diagnosis of deep pelvic endometriosis by TVS requires performing about 40 cases17. Therefore, it may be difficult to achieve such experience for ultrasonographers working in atomic hospital. The main advantage of DCBE could be that, with a retrograde distension of the entire colon, this technique may provide a complete overview of the whole colon18. In the true study, the distension was targeted to the rectosigmoid because the aim of the study was the comparison with RWC-TVS and endometriosis lesions of the r ight colon are beyond the field of view of a transvaginal approach. Furthermore, we did not compare the accuracy of RWC-TVS with TVS alone, which was the objective of a previous study. RWC-TVS was chosen for the comparison with DCBE because of the personal experience of the authors and of the common criterion of bowel distension with fluid. The usefulness of this technique was subsequently confirmed by the same authors in larger series. Furthermore, other authors confirmed that intestinal distension and opacification using ultrasound gel helps to visualize rectosigmoid endometriosis nodules19, 20.Previous studies have suggested that TVS could reliably diagnose rectosigmoid endometriosis. The sensitivity of TVS for detecting rectosigmoid endometriosis is between 91 and 98%, the specificity between 97 and 100%, the PPV between 97 and 100% and the NPV between 87 and 98%21-24. Recently, RWC-TVS has been developed to facilitate identification of intestinal lesions in patients with rectov aginal endometriosis and to determine the depth of infiltration of endometriosis in the intestinal wall25. TVS has been extensively used in patients with bowel endometriosis while only little data is available on the use of DCBE in these patients. This study demonstrated that DCBE and RWC-TVS have similar accuracy in the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis. Both techniques precisely estimated the length of the rectosigmoid nodules, but DCBE was more precise than RWC-TVS in assessing the distance between the endometriosis nodule and the anal verge9. Obviously, the extensive experience of the radiologist and the gynecologist in DCBE and RWCTVS, respectively, may have influenced the accuracy of these techniques in diagnosing bowel endometriosis24, 26. The findings may be explained by the fact that when performing imaging techniques, particularly RWC-TVS, it might be difficult to choose the plane in which the irregular endometriosis nodule has the largest diameter. However, the difference between the estimated size of the nodule and the largest diameter as measured on histopathology was quite small and, in most cases, it seems unlikely that this difference would affect the choice of nodulectomy or bowel resection as treatment27. Importantly, patients tolerated RWC-TVS better than they did DCBE. These findings are in line with those of previous studies demonstrating the accuracy of TVS in the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis and comparing TVS with other techniques such as MRI and rectal endoscopic ultrasound11, 28-30.The potential benefits of introducing aqueous contrast medium into the rectum during TVS have been questioned. TVS is an operator-dependent procedure and it is possible that the differences observed in the accuracy of this technique are determined by the experience of the ultrasonographer carrying out the procedure31. However, adding intestinal aqueous contrast to TVS may facilitate the identification of rectosigmoid lesions. Other techniques have been pr oposed for improving the accuracy of TVS in the detection of deep endometriosis, such as sonovaginography or the use of large quantities of ultrasound transmission gel (12 mL) in the probe cover32. Up to now, no study has established whether any one of these ultrasonic techniques is superior to the others in the diagnosis of deep endometriosis.TVS should be considered the first-line investigation in patients with deep endometriosis, and allows the diagnosis of intestinal lesions24. Other investigations such as RWC-TVS, MDCT-e, MRI, rectal endoscopic ultrasound and DCBE may be used to determine the characteristics of intestinal endometriosis, such as the size and number of nodules, the depth of infiltration of the nodules in the intestinal wall and the degree of stenosis of the bowel lumen33-35. RWC-TVS has several advantages over the other techniques. It is less expensive than MDCT-e and MRI and the equipment required to perform the procedure is commonly available to gynecologists, who are usually compound in the management of patients with endometriosis. A recent study has shown that RWC-TVS allows estimation of the degree of stenosis of the intestinal lumen caused by endometriosis36. Unfortunately, this parameter was not examined in the current study- the major limitation of our investigation. Theoretically, RWC-TVS may also allow determination of the extent of the disease along the longitudinal intestinal axis. Obviously, RWC-TVS cannot determine the presence of intestinal nodules located proximally to the sigmoid because these lesions are beyond the field of TVS.This study had several limitations. First, the experience of the ultrasonographer in RWC-TVS may influence the accuracy of these techniques in diagnosing bowel endometriosis. Second, the surgeons were alive(predicate) of the findings of DCBE and RWC-TVS. Although in an ideal prospective study the surgeons should be blinded to the findings of the preoperative investigations, this theoretical study design appears unethical in clinical practice because diagnostic imaging may facilitate the identification of intestinal endometriosis nodules during surgery. Furthermore, the knowledge of the findings of the preoperative investigations may only help the surgeons in identifying endometriosis nodules that were actually present. Third, RWC-TVS and DCBE did not estimate the ploughshare of the circumference of the intestinal wall infiltrated by endometriosis, a criterion used to choose between nodulectomy and bowel resection. Therefore, patients scheduled for nodulectomy on the rump of DCBE and RWC-TVS findings should be informed that bowel resection might be required for the complete excision of intestinal endometriosis. Future studies should examine whether DCBE and RWC-TVS can reliably estimate what percentage of intestinal circumference is infiltrated by endometriosis. DCBE may still have a role in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected bowel endometriosis. When TVS or RWC-TVS demonstrates large intestinal nodules infiltrating the bowel muscularis, bowel resection can probably be performed without further investigation unless the surgeon wants to exclude intestinal lesions located proximally to the sigmoid. In contrast, when ultrasound demonstrates a single bowel nodule that may be excised by nodulectomy, DCBE should be used to exclude the presence of other intestinal nodules and, thus, to adequately plan the surgical procedure with the colorectal surgeon and the patient.ConclusionsThis study showed that RWC-TVS is a reliable technique for determining the presence and extent of bowel endometriosis and that it has an accuracy similar to that of DCBE. However, RWC-TVS may sometimes underestimate the presence of multiple bowel nodules and can be performed easily in an ambulatory setting and it is better tolerated by patients. It may be hypothesized to deepen TVS and DCBE to achieve a complete preoperative assessment of the bowel in order to offer to the patients an adequate counseling and the most appropriate one-step surgical treatment.